From Tracking Code to Analysis Generalised Courant-Snyder Theory for
This book illustrates a theory well suited to tracking codes, which the author has developed over the years. Tracking codes now play a central role in the design and operation of particle accelerators. The theory is fully explained step by step with equat
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From Tracking Code to Analysis Generalised Courant-Snyder Theory for Any Accelerator Model
From Tracking Code to Analysis
Etienne Forest
From Tracking Code to Analysis Generalised Courant-Snyder Theory for Any Accelerator Model
123
Etienne Forest KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-55802-6 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55803-3
ISBN 978-4-431-55803-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932319 © Springer Japan 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer Japan KK
Conscience doth make cowards of us all. —William Shakespeare
Foreword
Since the discovery of the strong focusing principle between 1949 and 1952, many accelerators from several tens of meters in circumference to tens of kilometers have been proposed and constructed based on this principle. As in many other areas of physics and engineering, computer simulations became an accurate and efficient tool for accelerator design and operation. It is essential for designing any modern high-performance accelerator where engineering tolerance is involved in an early stage. The earlier generation of accelerator simulation codes, limited by computing capabilities, tended to use a simple matrix for so-called linear magnets—solenoid, dipole, quadrupole—and thin lens kicks for sextupoles and higher multipoles. These codes were symplectic by design. Attempts to improve them initially went in the direction of improving the matrix by deriving higher-order corrections. I can name a few codes: Karl Brown’s Transport (second-order), Dragt’s Marylie (third-order), Berz’s Cosy 5.0 (fifth-order), and Cosy-Infinity (arbitrary order). All these codes produce maps accurate around a single orbit, usually the so-called design orbit. They emphasize model accuracy but lack self-consistency since they single out one special orbit. When analyzing the dynamics with a wider ra
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