Frontiers in Organ Transplantation
One novel solution to the shortage of human organs available for transplantation envisions “growing” new organs in situ (organogenesis) from implanted animal organ primordia. Renal primordia from animal embryos transplanted into animal hosts undergo diffe
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Helen Liapis • Hanlin L. Wang (Editors)
Pathology of Solid Organ Transplantation
Editors Helen Liapis, MD Washington University School of Medicine Department of Pathology & Immunology 660 S. Euclid Avenue Campus Box 8118 Saint Louis, Missouri 63110-1093 USA [email protected]
Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 8700 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-79342-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-79343-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-79343-4
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935946 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my husband Athanasios and my daughters Anastasia and Katerina, for time taken from them. Helen Liapis To Michelle, Sean, and Jason for their tremendous support and encouragement. Hanlin L. Wang
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Preface
Solid organ transplantation is now the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, and lung diseases and increasingly so for intestinal disease. Experimental transplantation in animals provided the impetus for transplantation in humans, first with the kidney [1–3]. A brief account of successful human “experiments” in the time frame of the last 50 years is given in the Table 1 below. These successes were preceded by multiple failures or short-lived grafts. It is through the combined efforts of many researchers, surgeons, and the development of successful immunosuppressive drugs that graft survival and patient outcomes improved [4, 5]. More than a dozen Nobel prices since 1901 were awarded to those who worked on the fundaments of transplantation [6]. Currently, the search for agents that perfect induction of tolerance is intensified and transplant services and organ sharing continue to improve [7]. In this remarkab
