FTIR analysis of chemical changes in wood induced by steaming and longitudinal compression
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
FTIR analysis of chemical changes in wood induced by steaming and longitudinal compression Ma´tya´s Ba´der
. Ro´bert Ne´meth
. Jakub Sandak
. Anna Sandak
Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Pleating is an optimal way to increase bendability of wood used in diverse industrial applications. It results in the excessive buckling of cell walls and modifications of constitutive polymers. However, thoughtful understanding of the physical– chemical mechanisms of that modification process is very limited. The main purpose of the present study was to identify changes in functional groups of wood polymers induced by longitudinal compression. Four types of wood samples prepared from beech and sessile oak (untreated, steamed, longitudinally compressed and fixated for 1 min as well as longitudinally
M. Ba´der (&) R. Ne´meth University of Sopron, Simonyi Ka´roly Faculty of Engineering, Wood Sciences and Applied Arts, Institute of Wood Science, 4 Bajcsy-Zs. Str., Sopron 9400, Hungary e-mail: [email protected] J. Sandak A. Sandak InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, Izola 6310, Slovenia
compressed and fixated for 18 h) were assessed by infrared spectroscopy. The spectra interpretation revealed that changes can be observed in hydroxyl as well as in carbon–oxygen single and carbon-hydrogen functional groups of polysaccharides and lignin. Beech wood seems to be more susceptible to investigated modification processes as compared to oak. Detailed interpretation of infrared spectra allows identification of changes in the hygroscopicity of wood as well as alterations in the linkage between structural elements in the polymer matrix of wood induced by the applied treatments.
J. Sandak University of Primorska, Andrej Marusic Institute, Koper 6000, Slovenia A. Sandak University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Koper 6000, Slovenia
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Cellulose
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Infrared spectroscopy Lignin Hemicellulose Cellulose Pleating process Hygroscopic properties
Introduction As described in earlier papers (Hanemann 1917; Stevens and Turner 1948; Vorreiter 1949; Ba´der and Ne´meth 2017), the aim of longitudinal wood compression is to make the material pliable. The compression process results in excessive buckling of the cell wall, which allows much higher elongation without break during the proper wood bending. This process reduces the modulus of elasticity by 60 to 80% while the deflection of wood multiplies during bending tests (Kollmann 1951; Thomassen et al. 1990; Ba´der et al. 2019). Higher bendability is achieved after compression treatment by means of reduced forces necessary to deform the sample, comparing to untreated pieces or wood that was steamed and bent according to the traditional technology developed by Thonet (Ba´der and Ne´meth 2018a). In addition to Thonet technology (curved parts of furniture), longitudinally compressed wood is used in in
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