Full Color Angular Filtering of Visible Transmission in Tapered Plasmonic Metamaterial

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Full Color Angular Filtering of Visible Transmission in Tapered Plasmonic Metamaterial Sun-Je Kim 1 & Jongwoo Hong 1 & Seokil Moon 1 & Jeong-Geun Yun 1 & Byoungho Lee 1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Flat nanophotonic devices hold a great potential to process diffractive optical information within ultra-thin submicron thickness. In particular, optical filtering of transmissive angular spectrum in the free space is an essential functionality in diffractive optics. Here, we propose a novel configuration and theoretical study of an ultrathin transmissive angular filtering metamaterial for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Based on the adiabatically tapered plasmonic waveguide metamaterial in the visible regime, full color angleselective transmission is achieved near the optic axis including the representative blue (473 nm), green (532 nm), and red (633 nm) colors. By providing further analysis on bandwidth extension, we envision that the proposed flat angular filtering mechanism in the visible range promises practical value and potential for a variety of metamaterial-assisted compact diffractive imaging and sensing applications such as augmented or virtual reality displays and biomedical optical sensors. Keywords Flat optics . Angular selectivity . Optical filter . Surface plasmon polariton . Metamaterial . Plasmonic waveguide

Introduction Recently, the field of flat optics for replacing bulky optic components has shown a promise for realistic and innovative nanophotonic applications via optical metamaterials and metasurfaces [1]. However, while most attention has been focused on modulation of phase, amplitude, and polarization [2–4], less efforts have been paid to developing flat optic metamaterial elements for spatial frequency filters, also called angular filters. Optical angular filtering plays a crucial role in diffractive optics and imaging to suppress or manipulate inevitable higher-order diffractions generated from diffractive optical elements, holographic optical elements, or spatial light modulators [5]. Although research on compact optical angular filtering has been widely conducted for the decade based on Brewster angle [6], photonic crystals [7–9], and epsilon-nearzero [10] and zero-index metamaterials [11], significant practical issues for use in imaging systems remain unsolved. In

* Byoungho Lee [email protected] Sun-Je Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-4465 1

Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

2014, Shen et al. proposed broadband angular filtering based on Brewster angle and one-dimensional photonic crystals [6]. Under illumination of transverse magnetically (TM) polarized light with oblique Brewster angle condition, wavelengthindependent narrowband angular transmission filtering was demonstrated in the visible range. However, it is impossible to move angular passband