Functional specialization in human dorsal pathway for stereoscopic depth processing
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Functional specialization in human dorsal pathway for stereoscopic depth processing Nihong Chen1,2 · Zhimin Chen3 · Fang Fang3,4,5,6 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Binocular disparity, a primary cue for stereoscopic depth perception, is widely represented in visual cortex. However, the functional specialization in the disparity processing network remains unclear. Using magnetic resonance imaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation, we studied the causal contributions of V3A and MT+ to stereoscopic depth perception. Subjects viewed random-dot stereograms forming transparent planes with various interplane disparities. Their smallest detectable disparity and largest detectable disparity were measured in two experiments. We found that the smallest detectable disparity was affected by V3A, but not MT+ , stimulation. On the other hand, the largest detectable disparity was affected by both V3A and MT+ stimulation. Our results suggest different roles of V3A and MT+ in stereoscopic depth processing. Keywords Depth perception · Binocular disparity · Transcranial magnetic stimulation · Continuous theta burst stimulation
Introduction We perceive the three-dimensional world from two-dimensional images projected onto the two retinas. Binocular disparity, the positional difference between the left and right retinal images, provides a sufficient cue to evoke Communicated by Melvyn A. Goodale. Nihong Chen and Zhimin Chen have contributed equally to this work. * Nihong Chen [email protected] * Fang Fang [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
THU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100084, China
3
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4
Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing, China
5
PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
6
Peking‑Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
stereoscopic depth perception (Wheatstone 1838). Random dot stereograms, which take advantage of binocular disparity information, have been widely used to unravel the cortical mechanisms of stereoscopic depth perception with psychophysical, physiological, and computational methods (Qian 1997; Cumming and DeAngelis 2001; Parker 2007). After a point-to-point matching of local dots in the left and right eyes, the spread of disparity information “fills in” the depth for blank space between dots, giving rise to a perception of surface or figure-ground segmentation based on disparity (Julesz 1960; Westheimer 1986; Parker and Yang 1989) (Fig. 1a). The response of a substantial proportion of visual neurons depends critically on the binocular disparity (Poggio 1995). Compared to zero-disparity stimuli, disparity-rich stimuli evoked greater activation in multiple regions along the dorsal and ventral streams (Ts
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