Functionalization of Xonotlite Composite with Amidoxime Groups for the Sorption of Cu (II) Ion
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Functionalization of Xonotlite Composite with Amidoxime Groups for the Sorption of Cu (II) Ion Wei Zhou & Wenqing Tang & Junliang Xin
Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The xonotlite was synthesized from eggshell waste and modified with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The xonotlite and amidoxime-modified xonotlite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Xray diffraction (XRD). FTIR revealed that the amidoxime group was successfully grafted onto the xonotlite. Factors affecting adsorption such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentrations were set up to improve the adsorption performance. The adsorption of Cu (II) on all the adsorbents was well-described by the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model. The amidoxime-modified xonotlite showed rapid removal efficiency and reached equilibrium in 45 min at the pH of 5. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu (II) (713.2 mg/g) on the modified xonotlite were 35.8% higher than that on the unmodified xonotlite. The existence of competing ions like K(I) and Na(I) had little effect on the Cu(II) removal
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04776-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Zhou (*) : J. Xin School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002 Hunan, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] W. Tang Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 Hunan, People’s Republic of China
efficiency. Therefore, the modified xonotlite could be used as a feasible adsorbent for the removal of Cu (II) in treating wastewater. Keywords Xonotlite . Amidoxime-modified xonotlite . Adsorption . Cu(II) . Wastewater
1 Introduction Recently, the contamination of water is considered a major environmental health issue due to the rapid industrialization and indiscriminate disposal of toxic heavy metal ions (Zhou et al. 2014; Badruddoza et al. 2013; Ma et al. 2015). A heavy metal like copper is a widespread environmental toxicant and pollutant. It is abundantly used for widespread activities such as fertilizers, water pipes, pesticides, sewage sludge, and antifouling paints (Sun et al. 2016; Hu et al. 2015; Tang et al. 2019). The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have made the maximum allowable limits of 1.3 (mg/L) and 2 (mg/L) for copper in drinking water, respectively. To attain these values, considerable effort has been made to treat Cu (II)-containing wastewater. Numerous chemical and physical methods have been applied for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater, including membrane filtration (Barron-Zambrano et al. 2004), electrochemical deposition (Mauchauffee and Meux 2007), ion exchange (Verma et al. 2008), coagulation (El Samrani et al. 2008), electrochemical separ
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