Fundamentals of Modern Unsteady Aerodynamics
In this textbook, the author introduces the concept of unsteady aerodynamics and its underlying principles. He provides the readers with a full review of fundamental physics of the free and the forced unsteadines, the terminology and basic equations of ae
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Ülgen Gülçat
Fundamentals of Modern Unsteady Aerodynamics
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Prof. Dr. Ülgen Gülçat Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-14760-9
e-ISBN 978-3-642-14761-6
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14761-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933355 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The flying animate objects were present in earth’s atmosphere about hundreds of million years before the existance of human kind on earth. Only at the beginning of twentieth century, the proper analysis of the lifting force was made to provide the possibility of powered and manned flight. Prior to that, one of the pioneers of mechanics, Sir Isaac Newton had used ‘his impact theory’ in an attempt to formulate the lifting force created on a body immersed in a free stream. In late seventeenth century, his theory was a failure due to calculation of insufficient lift generation and made him come to the conclusion that ‘flying is a property of heavenly bodies’. In a similar manner, almost after two centuries, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) whose contributions to thermo and gas dynamics are well known, then proved that ‘only objects lighter than air’ can fly! Perhaps it was the adverse influence of these two pioneers of mechanics on Western Europe, where contributions to the discipline of hydrodynamics is unquestionable, that delayed the true analysis of the lift generation. The proper analysis of lifting force, on the other hand, was independently made at the onset of twentieth century by the theoretical aerodynamicists Martin Kutta and Nicolai Joukowski of Central and Eastern Europe respectively. At about the same years, the Wright brothers, whose efforts on powered flight were ridiculed by authorities of their time, were able to fly a short distance. Thereafter, in a time interval little more than a century, which is a considerably short span compared to the dawn of civilization, we see not only tens of thousands of aircrafts flying in
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