Funding research in Brazil
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Funding research in Brazil Concepta McManus1 · Abilio Afonso Baeta Neves2,3 Received: 27 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Funding is vital for the survival of science and thereby development and sovereignty of a country and should look to the quality of the product. This paper looks at funding citations in Incites® database by Brazilian authors. Almost 70% of the documents in this study were funded by one of 10 Brazilian agencies, mainly Capes, CNPq and FAPESP. Although federal agencies (Capes and Cnpq) are important nationwide, the funding agency from São Paulo state (FAPESP) was seen to have national impact, probably due to collaboration of researchers from other states with universities in São Paulo. The impact of these agencies was lower than when science was funded by foreign sources, which were mainly North American and European. Eighty companies (primarily manufacturing and pharmaceutical) were also seen to fund research in Brazil, none being national. Clusters were formed of co-funding foreign agencies using quality indicators. Cluster separation depended mainly on journal impact factor, open/closed access and % documents in Q1 journals. Using Capes data, citation rates are also low, which may account for 30% of papers nationwide without funding information. Keywords National · International · Competition · Impact · Agency
Introduction Publishing constitutes a baseline activity of science and research (Blind et al. 2018). The funding of research comes from three main sources: government (federal, state, local), nonprofit foundations and industry. Government support for R&D activities is widely accepted
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1119 2-020-03762-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Concepta McManus [email protected] Abilio Afonso Baeta Neves [email protected] 1
Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910‑900, Brazil
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PUC-RS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619‑900, Brazil
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Cátedra Paschoal Senise, Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da USP, Rua da Reitoria, 374 ‑ 4º andar, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo CEP 05508‑220, Brazil
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Scientometrics
(Giebe et al. 2006), to guarantee public benefits for these. While a laboratory using government sources may focus on scientific reputation and international prestige, shrinking budgets may cause the need for funds from other sources such as private companies (Coccia et al. 2015). Klette et al. (2000) show that private funding means that private resources dedicated to R&D activities will always be below the social optimum. Research funding is an uncertain business (Santamaría et al. 2010), and the outputs of R&D are not only equally uncertain but also skewed (Molas-Gallart and Salter 2002). Under these conditions, one of the main problems for research policy is how to distribute research funds to satisfy multiple objecti
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