Fused filament fabrication of polymer composites for extreme environments
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Fused filament fabrication of polymer composites for extreme environments Zachary Brounstein1,2 , Samantha Talley1, Joseph H. Dumont1, Jianchao Zhao1, Kwan-Soo Lee1, Andrea Labouriau1,a) 1
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA Department of Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA a) Address all correspondence to this author. E-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 5 March 2020; accepted: 22 April 2020
Vast improvements have been made to the capabilities of advanced manufacturing (AM), yet there are still limitations on which materials can effectively be used in the technology. To this end, parts created using AM would benefit from the ability to be developed from feedstock materials incorporating additional functionality. A common three-dimensional (3D) printing polymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, was combined with bismuth and polyvinylidene fluoride via a solvent treatment to fabricate multifunctional composite materials for AM. Composites of varying weight percent loadings were extruded into filaments, which were subsequently 3D printed into blocks via fused filament fabrication. Investigating the material properties demonstrated that in addition to the printed blocks successfully performing as radiation shields, the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties are suitable for AM. Thus, this work demonstrates that it is possible to enhance AM components with augmented capabilities while not significantly altering the material properties which make AM possible.
Introduction With the aim of increasing performance, quality, and profitability while decreasing the amount of waste, development time, and cost, advanced manufacturing (AM) is making rapid gains in materials research, product design, and commercialization [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Advanced materials research ranges from ways to reduce anisotropy [6, 7, 8] for three-dimensional (3D) printing and other techniques to imbuing common AM feedstocks with additional functionality, such as sensors [9], antimicrobial agents [10], or drug delivery [11, 12]. The AM technique most associated with 3D printing, known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), heats a thermoplastic polymer past its glass transition temperature (Tg) or melting point (Tm) and deposits the material into layered cross sections via a printing nozzle. The deposited material subsequently cools down and undergoes interfacial adhesion between each layer, which forms a 3D part. FFF printed parts are modeled first in computer software, and as a consequence can possess complex geometries while allowing for agile requirement changes and fabrication. When deciding on which polymer materials to use for FFF, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is traditionally chosen if the final product needs mechanical strength
© Materials Research Society 2020
and impact resistance, which has made it the second-most common 3D printing polymer, after poly(lactic acid). Applications requiring these mechanical properties and many other
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