Future Aviation Biofuel, Efficiency and Climate Change

Petroleum fuels are often used as a source of energy for aviation transport and the key issue with this is that it is not sustainable. The aviation industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions throughout the world, and altogether produces a

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Ashoke De · Ashwani K. Gupta · Suresh K. Aggarwal · Abhijit Kushari · Akshai K. Runchal   Editors

Sustainable Development for Energy, Power, and Propulsion

Green Energy and Technology

Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers “green” solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical. **Indexed in Scopus**.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059

Ashoke De Ashwani K. Gupta Suresh K. Aggarwal Abhijit Kushari Akshai K. Runchal •







Editors

Sustainable Development for Energy, Power, and Propulsion

123

Editors Ashoke De Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Suresh K. Aggarwal Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

Ashwani K. Gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA Abhijit Kushari Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Akshai K. Runchal Analytic and Computational Research Inc. (ACRi) Los Angeles, CA, USA

ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN 978-981-15-5666-1 ISBN 978-981-15-5667-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5667-8 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in