Future Radio Access, Wi-Fi-LTE, LTE-Advanced: The Path to 5G
With the proliferation of IP-based bandwidth-intensive video services and smartphones, there has been an unprecedented exponential increase in mobile broadband data. This has resulted in increasing demand for additional wireless capacity. In order to incr
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Future Radio Access, Wi-Fi-LTE, LTE-Advanced: The Path to 5G Rajarajan Sivaraj and Prasant Mohapatra
Abstract With the proliferation of IP-based bandwidth-intensive video services and smartphones, there has been an unprecedented exponential increase in mobile broadband data. This has resulted in increasing demand for additional wireless capacity. In order to increase the wireless capacity multifold, the next-generation radio access networks (RAN) boast of a number of sophisticated technologies, such as Carrier Aggregation (CA), Evolved-Multicast/Broadcast Multimedia Services (eMBMS) using Single-Frequency Networks (SFN), enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) in self-organized Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission in Multiple-Input– Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems using 2D/3D Beamforming, and full-duplex communication. Some of the above technologies are standardized in 3GPP Release 10+ systems like LTE-Advanced and are seen as a roadmap to 5G RANs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of each of these technologies and surveys the key open issues concerning them in terms of radio resource management (RRM) to facilitate maximum wireless capacity and provide Quality-of-Service (QoS) to the users. It also explores the synergies between these technologies towards developing holistic optimization techniques for the design of 4G+ and 5G systems.
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Introduction
Recent proliferation of mobile broadband data is accelerated by the unprecedented increase in the subscription of next-generation bandwidth-intensive multimedia services by IP-based smartphone and tablet/computer users. 3GPP LTE, the latest 4G wireless broadband standard based on OFDMA, promises higher data rates than its predecessors from the legacy 3GPP systems. This is due to the independently modulated orthogonal and flat-fading sub-carriers that constitute a frequency-selective OFDM carrier. Furthermore, the multi-user diversity feature of OFDMA enables R. Sivaraj (&) P. Mohapatra Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 M. Tornatore et al. (eds.), Fiber-Wireless Convergence in Next-Generation Communication Networks, Optical Networks, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42822-2_1
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multiplexing different users with different requirements, by supporting different Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) rates on every sub-channel. However, the LTE operators face a significant challenge in satisfying the Quality-of-Service (QoS) demands of the multimedia services, such as HD video streaming/gaming and video broadcast, due to the limited and expensive resources of the licensed spectrum. This challenge is further compounded by the channel dynamics of the network due to factors such as user mobility, inter-cell interference, fading, and attenuation. Especially, the users close to the cell edges are significantly penalized. This is because of their poorer channel quality
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