Fuzzy and Multi-Level Decision Making: Soft Computing Approaches

This book offers a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge approaches for decision-making in hierarchical organizations. It presents soft-computing-based  techniques, including fuzzy sets, neural networks, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimiz

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Chi-Bin Cheng Hsu-Shih Shih E. Stanley Lee

Fuzzy and Multi-Level Decision Making: Soft Computing Approaches Second Edition

Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing Volume 368

Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]

The series “Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing” contains publications on various topics in the area of soft computing, which include fuzzy sets, rough sets, neural networks, evolutionary computation, probabilistic and evidential reasoning, multi-valued logic, and related fields. The publications within “Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing” are primarily monographs and edited volumes. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important feature of the series is its short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results. Contact the series editor by e-mail: [email protected]

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/2941

Chi-Bin Cheng Hsu-Shih Shih E. Stanley Lee •

Fuzzy and Multi-Level Decision Making: Soft Computing Approaches Second Edition

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Chi-Bin Cheng Department of Information Management Tamkang University New Taipei City, Taiwan Hsu-Shih Shih Department of Management Sciences Tamkang University New Taipei City, Taiwan

E. Stanley Lee Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA

ISSN 1434-9922 ISSN 1860-0808 (electronic) Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing ISBN 978-3-319-92524-0 ISBN 978-3-319-92525-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92525-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018954857 1st edition: © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2001 2nd edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations