G2A Communication Channel Modeling and Characterization Using Confocal Prolates
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G2A Communication Channel Modeling and Characterization Using Confocal Prolates Muhammad‑Yasir Masood Mirza1 · Noor M. Khan1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Characterization of radio environment is an important field of research that helps to analyze the limiting features of the propagation environment and leads to develop a realistic channel model. This paper proposes an appropriate multipath channel model for various ground-to-air (G2A) communication scenarios. An intensive review of the existing literature on A2G/G2A channel models is presented along with a critical analysis with appropriate comments wherever needed. It is observed that most of the research literature supposedly model G2A channels interchangeably in the same manner as that of land mobile communication links. G2A communications systems are generally equipped with directional antennas for dedicated coverage to flying aircrafts that benefits in increasing range and signal strength while restraining interfering signals coming through scattering objects around ground station (G). This research analyzes G2A multipath channel and thus proposes a geometrically-based physical G2A multipath channel model. The proposed channel model clearly justifies the existence of multipath environment in G2A communication due to the existence of aircrafts in the vicinity of the intended aircraft. This model is based on a three-dimensional confocal prolate spheroids and uses the principle of single-bounce multipath geometry. Moreover, the model gives an insight to analyze multipath multiuser G2A communication in wide-beam and narrow-beam communication link scenarios. This model is equally applicable to the networks of passenger aircrafts, flocks of jet fighters and mesh of UAV drones. This model can be used to analyze the performance of high data-rate communication links with high mobile speeds over sparsely distributed multipath channels. Keywords Airborne internet · Ground-to-air · Air-to-ground · Wireless communications · Multipath channel · Confocal prolate · Prolate spheroid · CDMA · SDMA · UAV mesh network
* Muhammad‑Yasir Masood Mirza [email protected] Noor M. Khan [email protected] 1
Acme Center for Research in Wireless Communications (ARWiC), Department of Electrical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Kahuta Road, Zone‑V, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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M.-Y. M. Mirza, N. M. Khan
1 Introduction The advancements in wireless mobile technology have significantly influenced the daily life of every human being through innovative ways of communication, despite one’s physical location around the globe. The availability of data services on mobile devices has further enhanced the communication activity in a more suitable and inexpensive way by their integration with real-time applications. These applications facilitated people to stay connected to the world every where and at any time. Due to the growing potential of datahungry real-time applications, the demand of high d
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