Generalised Mesh and Adaptivity Techniques for Computational Fluid Dynamics
After more than a decade of interest and research effort there is still considerable attention given to techniques for the construction of meshes. This is because the majority of people involved with computational methods have to face the problem of mesh
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The finite element method in the 1990's
A BOOK DEDICA'ED '0 o.c. ZIENKIEWICZ EDI'ED BY E. OMA'E, J.PERIAUX, A.SAMUELSSON
CI M NE BARCELONA
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
First edition, October 1991
© Centro Internacional de Metodos Numericos en lngenieria, Barcelona © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin, Hidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Barcelona, Budapest in 1991. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 Cover designed by Jordi Pallo. Printed by Artes Gnificas Torres S.A., Morales 17, 08029 Barcelona Deposito legal: B-35590-91 ISBN 978-3-662-10328-9 ISBN 978-3-662-10326-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10326-5
Cover: Unstructured mesh of triangular finite elements for analysis 01' hypersonic air flow past a double ellipse. From O. C. Zienkiewicz, K. Morgan, J. Peraire. 1. Peiro and L. Formaggia. «Finite elements in fluid mechanics. Compressible flow, shallol\' water equations and transport», in ASME Conjel'f!nce on Recent Development in Fluid Dynamies, AMD 95. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, December 1988.
O. C. Zienkiewicz. at dass.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO OLGJERD C. ZIENKIEWICZ WITH OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY
PREFACE
This book is dedicated to Olgierd C. Zienkiewicz with occasion of his 70th birthday. Olgierd C. Zienkiewicz , (Olek for his many friends) was born on May 18, 1921 in England of a British mother and Polish father. Already 1922 the family moved to Poland where they settled after a few years in Katowice. Here and in Poznan Olek got his school education. When this finished in 1939, he went to Warsaw for entrance examination to the Polytechnic. Just one of these days the Germans invaded Poland and Olek got involved in the defense of Warsaw. After a few days, howewer, he joined his family and together they moved to France. There, in Angiers, they stayed for ab out a year until the Germans also invaded France and the Zienkiewicz family had to move again now to England. In the autumn Olek started the course in Civil engineering at Imperial College. He graduated in 1943 with first class honours. Two years later he got his PhD on adam analysis project under supervision of Prof. Richard Southwell, famous for the method of relaxation based on finite differences. Now Olek started professional work. For four years he lOok part in surveying, design and construction of dam projects in ScotIand. In 1949 he accepted an offer to become a lecturer in Civil Engineering at Edinburgh. Here he stayed for seven years during which time he started research in hydraulics resuIting in series of papers. In Edinburgh he met a Canadian chemist named Helen who in 1952 became his wife. While in Edinburgh they got two sons, Andrewand David. In 1956 Olek was offered a position as Associate Professor at Northwestern University. He accepted it and settled in Evanston with his family that soon was enlarged with a daugter, Krystina. After a year he was promoted to full professor. However he did not stay long here. In 1961
