Generalized Approach to Heterogeneous Media
This first chapter is devoted to the description of a coherent and synthetic generalized phenomenological approach to heterogeneous media, which overcomes former difficulties and incoherences. Generalized balance equations are written following an arbitra
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Se ries Editors: The Rectors of CISM Sandor Kaliszky - Budapest Mahir Sayir - Zurich Wilhelm Schneider - Wien The Secretary General of CISM Giovanni Bianchi - Milan Executive Editor Carlo Tasso - Udine
The series presents lecture notes, monographs, edited works and proceedings in the field of Mechanics, Engineering, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Purpose of the series is to make known in the international scientific and technical community results obtained in some of the activities organized by CISM, the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MECHANICAL SCIENCES COURSES AND LECTURES - No. 357 .~
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MODERN ISSUES IN NON-SATURATED SOlLS EDlTEDBY
A. GENS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALUNYA P.JOUANNA UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER II B.A. SCHREFLER UNIVERSITY OF PADUA
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
Le spese di stampa di questo volume sono in parte coperte da contributi deI Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
This volume contains 118 illustrations
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 1995 by Springer-Verlag Wien Original1y published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 1995
In order to make this volume available as economically and as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This method unfortunately has its typographical limitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader.
ISBN 978-3-211-82783-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2692-9
ISBN 978-3-7091-2692-9 (eBook)
PREFACE
This monograph is a revised version oJthe notesJor the Advanced School lectures given at the International Centre Jor Mechanical Sciences in Udine, September 19-23, 1994. The aim oJthe course was to provide a review oJ some oJ the most significant achievements in research on non-saturated soUs, a material oJ apre-eminent importance in civU engineering, agriculture and environmental engineering. A phenomenological point oJ view based on Jictitious continuity oJ the different constituents is adopted throughout this work, even if reJerences to lower scale considerations may be made in different parts oJ the text. The different steps oJ the modelling oJ non-saturated soUs are reviewed in Chapters 1 to 4. Chapters 5 to 11 are devoted to the analysis oJ a number oJ case studies. In the introductory Chapter 1, non-saturated soUs are considered in the broader context oJ heterogeneous media. Balance, equilibrium and nonequilibrium equations are presented using a generalized approach and in the light oJ the most recent achievements in irreversible thermodynamics. This approach covers all possible coupled phenomena in a single coherent model but leads to a complex set oJ equations. In conclusion, an automatic procedure is proposed Jor overcoming this complexity. The behaviour laws proposed in Chapter 2 are based
