Generation of Alkalinity by Stimulation of Microbial Iron Reduction in Acid Rock Drainage Systems: Impact of Natural Org
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Generation of Alkalinity by Stimulation of Microbial Iron Reduction in Acid Rock Drainage Systems: Impact of Natural Organic Matter Types Martha E. Jimenez-Castaneda & Carolina Scarinci & Adam Burke & Christopher Boothman & David J. Vaughan & Jonathan R. Lloyd & Bart E. van Dongen
Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To determine the role of organic matter in the attenuation of acid rock drainage (ARD), microcosmbased experiments were performed using ARD stimulated with plants and manures. Initial mineralogical, organic geochemical and microbial analyses indicated a predominance of goethite, a substantial amount of organic carbon originating from local sources, and a bacterial community comparable with those detected in a range of ARD sites worldwide. After 100 days of incubation, changes in the mineralogical, organic and microbiological composition of the ARD demonstrated that the plant additions stimulate microbes with the potential to degrade this organic matter but do not necessarily cause substantial Fe(III) reduction. Conversely, the greatest observed stimulation of Fe(III)
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04820-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. E. Jimenez-Castaneda : C. Scarinci : A. Burke : C. Boothman : D. J. Vaughan : J. R. Lloyd : B. E. van Dongen (*) School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK e-mail: [email protected]
Present Address: M. E. Jimenez-Castaneda Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
reduction, associated with an increase in pH to nearneutral values, was observed using manure additions. These results demonstrate that the use of the optimal natural carbon source is important and can promote the metabolism of microorganisms potentially fuelling a range of geomicrobial processes, including iron and sulfate reduction. Keywords ARD . Geochemistry . Organic matter . Remediation
1 Introduction Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most widespread forms of water pollution in the world characterised by surface waters with low pH and elevated concentrations of iron, other dissolved metals and sulfuric acid (Singer and Stumm 1970; Rimstidt and Vaughan 2003). This phenomenon is commonly associated with environmental disasters from mine spills but can also arise from natural sources and is then known as acid rock drainage, ARD (Liao et al. 2016; Queiroz et al. 2018; Moeng 2019). In most passive ARD treatments, alkalinity generated via sulfate reduction coupled with organic matter oxidation is preferred (Costa and Duarte 2005; Williamson et al. 2013; Kim et al. 2014), but other anaerobic processes that can generate alkalinity, such as microbial Fe(III) reduction, have not been studied as extensively.
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Iron minerals formed from pyrite oxida
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