Generation of Osmotic Power from Membrane Technology
The whole world is facing challenges for energy supply due to the economic developments, increasing population because of the decrease in oil/gas reserves. Therefore, in current decades, alternative energy sources are in focus to fulfil the energy gap bet
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Polymeric Membranes for Energy Generation 2.1 Thin-Film Composite (TFC) Membranes for Energy Generation 2.2 Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) Membranes for Energy Generation 3 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospective References
Abstract The whole world is facing challenges for energy supply due to the economic developments, increasing population because of the decrease in oil/gas reserves. Therefore, in current decades, alternative energy sources are in focus to fulfil the energy gap between energy demand and supply. Wind, solar, and biomass are good and sustainable energy sources but – have high installation costs. Henceforth, to find out the cheap, clean, safe, and adequate energy sources is still a prime challenge for the researchers. Power generation by using membrane technology is the new achievement in this list. From the last few decades, pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is involved to generate the power, and it offers the opportunity for utilizing osmotic pressure gradients for a wide range of applications. Generating power from the PRO is an emerging platform technology that produces high electric power. In this research area, the membrane science community has expanded huge attention, currently, polymer composite, and nanocomposite membranes are involved in osmosis power generation application. In this chapter, we discuss the treasured insights and tactics for the fabrication and design of highly active antifouling materials and membranes for pressure-retarded osmotic power generation.
P. G. Ingole (*) Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected] Pankaj Pathak and Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava (eds.), Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_632, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
P. G. Ingole
Keywords Hollow fiber/flat sheet membranes, Nanomaterials, Osmotic power generation, Pressure-retarded osmosis, Thin-film composite/nanocomposite membranes
1 Introduction Nowadays energy demand is increasing day by day in human life due to economic growth and rising populations [1–3]. As predicted by US energy information administration, the total energy consumption will increase up to 240 British thermal units (Btu) in 2040 [4]. The world primary demand for energy has been increased more than doubled in the next two decades. Day by day oil and gas reservoirs are going to reduce and because of that whole world is facing lots of energy problems [5]. There are lots of challenges on how to fulfil the increasing demand by our society [6]. To provide the sufficient energy, we need to find out various resources. Currently, we are using safe and sustainable energy sources like coal, wind, hydro, tidal wave, and biomass for providing energy to our societies for the use of their daily life. However, these all energy sources required high energy costs, and even though, also there is a problem of uneven distributio
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