Generation of the electric field pulsating at 2.45 GHz in the CERA-RX(C) electron cyclotron resonance source and its inf
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Generation of the Electric Field Pulsating at 2.45 GHz in the CERARX(C) Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source and Its Influence on Xray Generation Efficiency A. A. Balmashnov, A. V. Kalashnikov, V. V. Kalashnikov, S. P. Stepina, and A. M. Umnov People’s Friendship University of Russia, ul. MiklukhoMaklaya 6, Moscow, 117198 Russia email: [email protected] Received July 20, 2012
Abstract—A mechanism for the onset of pulsations of the electric field at a pumping frequency of 2.45 GHz is determined, and its influence on the efficiency of characteristic Xray generation in the CERARX(C) source is shown. DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X13070118
INTRODUCTION At present, plasma electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sources of dissociated molecules and Xray emission have a wide practical application area. They are upgraded, as applied to solving particular prob lems, by using different configurations of magnetic fields and types of microwave oscillations, allowing one to localize generation areas of charged particles, their acceleration, storage, spatial distribution nature, and transportation. One of these problems, interest in which depends on a possible wide application in different fields of sci ence and technology, is to create a compact energy efficient directional Xray ECR generator operating in the narrow spectral range, namely, the characteristic radiation generator [1]. In contrast to traditional empty resonators, applied to this end, in which the electron energy can exceed 100 keV [2], to solve this problem, it was proposed to use the coaxial resonator [3], excitable on the principal mode, and annular per manent magnets, forming the radialinhomogeneous magnetic field with a narrow azimuthally symmetric ECR region, distant from the axial electrode of the resonator. This construction solution permitted us to substantially decrease the weight and overall dimen sions of the CERARX Xray generator with photon energies determined by the material of the axial elec trode, which is a target. Its energy efficiency was ensured by implementing conditions, under which electrons with energies depending on the distance between the electrode and ECR surface, landed on the electrode–target. In the CERARX generator, the azi muth drift of electrons in the radialinhomogeneous magnetic field finally caused an azimuthally symmet rical Xray flux.
To create the directional radiation in the narrow spectral range (characteristic radiation), the axial electrode of the resonator was supplemented in the central part with a radialoriented electrode–target, the length of which determined incidence of electrons on it, which had energies exceeding some value, the diameter determined localization of the radiation gen eration area, and the material determined the energy of radiated photons [4]. It was determined that in this CERARX(C) design the energy efficiency of the directional radiation generation is determined by the ratio of the flow of electrons with energies exceeding 8.9 keV, incident at the surface of the e
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