Genetic and molecular bases of esophageal Cancer among Iranians: an update
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(2019) 14:97
REVIEW
Open Access
Genetic and molecular bases of esophageal Cancer among Iranians: an update Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan1, Vahideh Keyvani2 and Meysam Moghbeli1*
Abstract: Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among the Iranians. There is still a high ratio of mortality and low 5 years survival which are related to the late onset and diagnosis. Majority of patients refer for the treatment in advanced stages of tumor progression. Main body: It is required to define an efficient local panel of diagnostic and prognostic markers for the Iranians. Indeed such efficient specific panel of markers will pave the way to decrease the mortality rate and increase the 5 years survival among the Iranian patients via the early diagnosis and targeted therapy. Conclusion: in present review we have reported all of the molecular markers in different signaling pathways and cellular processes which have been assessed among the Iranian esophageal cancer patients until now. Keywords: Esophageal cancer, Diagnosis, Panel marker, Prognosis, Iran
Background Esophageal cancer is the fifth common cancer in developing countries with a five-year survival less than 5%. It has a variable prevalence based on geographical districts from 20/100,000 in the US to 160/100,000 in China. Esophageal cancer belt with almost 60% of esophageal cancers in the world spreads from North of Iran and Kazakhstan to certain areas of China [1–4]. Genetic predisposition could potentially be effective in esophageal cancer progression. Most of studies in Iran and China showed that ESCC outbreak is double as much higher among close relatives of ESCC patients than among those lacking familial history [5]. Several polymorphisms related to the ESCC were also identified in three populations of Golestan province with high risk, Ardebil with medium risk, and Zoroastrians with low risk [6]. And finally during a study in Turkmen and Non-Turkmen Iranian populations, it was found that there was not an outstanding difference between Turkmens and NonTurkmens from the point of genetic predisposition to ESCC. However, the average impact of genetic factors could not be completely rejected. More studies are required to investigate environmental and genetic risk factors of ESCC in Golestan province [7]. There is a high * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
risk region for esophageal ESCC at Northeast of Iran where the previous studies have shown that a series of hereditary factors are involved in high incidence of this cancer in the region. Therefore, the genetic variations could be considered as a genetic predisposition in increasing or decreasing the probability of ESCC in Iran [8]. Since there is not a complete genetic panel of ESCC pattern among the Iranian population, we have tried to report all of the genetic and molecular markers which are involved and ob
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