Genotoxicity of root canal sealers: a literature review
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REVIEW
Genotoxicity of root canal sealers: a literature review Fábio Miguel dos Santos Costa 1 & Maria Helena Fernandes 2,3 & Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros 1 Received: 13 September 2019 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Root canal sealers are widely used worldwide in endodontics to prevent reinfection and growth of surviving microorganisms. Considering the strong correlation between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, evaluation of genotoxicity induced by endodontic sealers is recommended for elucidating the true health risks to patients and professionals. The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of studies involving genotoxicity analysis of endodontic sealers and the used methodologies. Materials and methods A literature search was made in PubMed using the following combination of words “genotoxicity,” “mutagenicity,” “endodontic sealers,” and “root canal sealers.” A total of 39 articles with genotoxicity studies were selected for the present study. Results Sealers have been ranked in decreasing order of their genotoxicity as: ZOE sealers > GIC sealers > S sealers > ER sealers > MR sealers > Novel sealers > CH sealers > CS sealers. Conclusions All published data showed some evidence of genotoxicity for most of the commercial root canal sealers; however, contradictory results were found, mainly for AH Plus, the most studied sealer. Clinical relevance The information provided would direct the endodontists to use the less genotoxic materials in endodontic treatment in a way to reduce DNA damage promoting oral healthcare. Keywords Endodontic sealers . Comet assay . Micronucleus test . Mutagenicity
Abbreviations BisDMA Bisphenol-A dimethacrylate BisEMA Ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate BisGMA Bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate CH Calcium hydroxide CS Calcium silicate Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03478-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros [email protected] Fábio Miguel dos Santos Costa [email protected] Maria Helena Fernandes [email protected] 1
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
2
Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
3
LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
DSB GIC ER hDPF hDPSC HEMA hGF hPB MR MN MTA PBMC PDL PEGDMA PR RCS ROS S SHE TEGDMA UDMA ZOE
Double-strand breaks Glass ionomer cements Epoxy resin Human dental pulp fibroblast human dental pulp stem cells Hydroxyethylene methacrylate Human gingival fibroblast Human peripheral blood Methacrylate resin Micronucleus Mineral trioxide aggregate Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Periodontal ligament cells Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate Polyvinyl resin Root canal sealer Reactive oxygen species Silicone Syrian hamster embryo Triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate Urethanedimethacrylate Zinc oxide-e
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