Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Narimba Formation source rock, Bass Basin, Australia
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ORIGINAL PAPER-EXPLORATION GEOLOGY
Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Narimba Formation source rock, Bass Basin, Australia Mohamed Ragab Shalaby1,2 · Muhammad Izzat Izzuddin bin Haji Irwan1 · Liyana Nadiah Osli1 · Md Aminul Islam1 Received: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This research aims to conduct source rock characterization on the Narimba Formation in the Bass Basin, Australia, which is made of mostly sandstone, shale and coal. The geochemical characteristics and depositional environments have been investigated through a variety of data such as rock–eval pyrolysis, TOC, organic petrography and biomarkers. Total organic carbon (TOC) values indicated good to excellent organic richness with values ranging from 1.1 to 79.2%. Kerogen typing of the examined samples from the Narimba Formation indicates that the formation contains organic matter capable of generating kerogen Type-III, Type-II-III and Type-II which is gas prone, oil–gas prone and oil prone, respectively. Pyrolysis maturity parameters (Tmax, PI), in combination with vitrinite reflectance and some biomarkers, all confirm that all samples are at early mature to mature and are in the oil and wet gas windows. The biomarkers data (the isoprenoids (Pr/Ph), CPI, isoprenoids/n-alkanes distribution (Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18), in addition to the regular sterane biomarkers (C27, C28 and C29) are mainly used to evaluate the paleodepositional environment, maturity and biodegradation. It has been interpreted that the Narimba Formation was found to be deposited in non-marine (oxygen-rich) depositional environment with a dominance of terrestrial plant sources. All the analyzed samples show clear indication to be considered at the early mature to mature oil window with some indication of biodegradation. Keywords Narimba Formation · Source rock characterization · Petroleum system · Bass Basin
Introduction The Bass Basin is located to the southeast of Australia. It is a rift basin underlying the Bass Strait which runs between Victoria and Tasmania (Fig. 1). It had been formed during the Early Cretaceous to recent, trending northwest–southeast (Blevin et al. 2003; Boreham et al. 2003). It is dominantly offshore and has a total extent of 42,000 km2, bounded to the west by the King Island High and northwest and by Flinders Island and the Bassian Rise to the northeast (Fig. 1) (Blevin, et al. 2003; Boreham et al. 2003; Cummings et al. 2004). The basin is divided into the Cape Wickham and Durroon sub-basins (Fig. 1). The Bass Basin is a portion of the larger Southern Rift System that separated Australia * Mohamed Ragab Shalaby [email protected] 1
Department of Geosciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
2
and Antarctica from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Etheridge et al. 1985a, 1985b; Boreham et al. 2003). Several geochemical analyses had shown that the hyd
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