Geomechanics of Failures
It is not an easy task to fascinate a student with a standard course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. If, however, the same material is presented as a tool to explore a natural or a man-made "disaster", both the motivation and the ability t
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A.M. Puzrin
•
E.E. Alonso
• N.M. Pinyol
Geomechanics of Failures
A.M. Puzrin Institut für Geotechnik ETH Zürich Switzerland [email protected]
E.E. Alonso Civil Engineering School UPC Barcelona, Spain [email protected]
N.M. Pinyol CIMNE UPC Barcelona, Spain [email protected]
Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the figures which have been reproduced from other sources. Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due acknowledgement may be made in subsequent editions.
ISBN 978-90-481-3530-1 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3531-8 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3531-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925324 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Table of Contents
Preface
vii
Part I – Settlements Chapter 1. Interaction between Neighbouring Structures: Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico
3
Chapter 2. Unexpected Excessive Settlements: Kansai International Airport, Japan
23
Chapter 3. Leaning Instability: The Tower of Pisa, Italy
45
Part II – Bearing Capacity Chapter 4. Bearing Capacity Failure: Transcona Grain Elevator, Canada
67
Chapter 5. Caisson Failure Induced by Liquefaction: Barcelona Harbour, Spain
85
Part III – Excavations Chapter 6. Braced Excavation Collapse: Nicoll Highway, Singapore
151
Chapter 7. Tunnel Excavation Collapse: Borràs Square, Spain
183
Chapter 8. Tunnel Face Instability: Floresta Tunnels, Spain
205
Epilogue
245
v
Preface The main goal of this introductory text is to demonstrate how basic concepts in Soil Mechanics can be used as a “forensic” tool in the investigation of geotechnical failures. This, in turn, provides a good opportunity to show how to use available procedures in the formulation of useful simple models. Geotechnical failure is understood here in a broad sense as the failure of a structure to function properly due to a geotechnical reason. Some of the geotechnical failures selected are well known for their impact on the geotechnical community. Others are closer to the author’s experience. They have been organized into three main topics: Settlement, Bearing Capacity and Excavations. They cover a significant proportion of every day’s activity of professional geotechnical engineers. No attempt has been made to create a comprehensive handbook of failures. Instead, the emphasis has been given to creative applications of simple mechanical concepts and well known principles and solutions of Soil Mechanics. The book shows h
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