Geometric Morphometrics and Environmental Archaeology
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Gamio Martı´nez, Manuel Haydee´ Lo´pez Herna´ndez and Fernando Lo´pez Aguilar Direccio´n de Estudios Histo´ricos-INAH, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Basic Biographical Information Manuel Gamio Martinez was a Mexican archaeologist and anthropologist and a promoter of the welfare of indigenous Mexicans. He was born in Mexico City on March 2, 1883, and died on July 16, 1960, in the same city at age 77. Gamio completed his basic studies in the colleges Fournier and Colo´n and his high school studies in the National Preparatory School from which he graduated in 1903. Pressured by his father, he went to the School of Engineering but soon abandoned it due to lack of interest (Comas 1956; Gallegos 1996). In 1905, he obtained the post of Assistant in Evening Elementary School Supplemental Instruction No. 5, and in 1907, he joined as editor of the Spanish section in the Revista Moderna de Me´xico (Modern Mexico Magazine) where he wrote about the Indians (Gallegos 1996: 25-65) In 1906, he attended courses in archaeology at the National Museum taking classes on Nahuatl, and ethnology given by Nicolas Leon and Andres Molina Enriquez. In 1907 he was appointed Assistant Professor of History class and he presented, along with Leon the project
Archaeological Guide to Mexico, which was rejected. Being a student of the Museum, after an excursion to Zacatecas his work “The archaeological monuments in the vicinity of Chalchihuites, Zacatecas,” was published in Anales del Museo Nacional, (Annals of the National Museum 3rd season, vol. II) (Gallegos 1996: 29-65). With the support of Zelia Nuttall, he studied at Columbia University with Franz Boas and Marshall Saville from 1909 to 1911. When he returned to Mexico he was appointed Professor of Archaeology and Practice Professor of Archaeology in charge of the tours in the National Museum at the National Museum (August 1911–January 1912). In parallel, he became a fellow at the International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology, and he was appointed Assistant Inspector of the Inspectorate of Monuments, which caused his dismissal from the Museum due to the neglect of his work (Gallegos 1996: 65-98). The constant duplication of work caused him problems with Franz Boas, who repeatedly complained about his informality with the International School. In June 1913, he quit the International School to take up the post of Inspector in the General Inspectorate of Monuments. The following year he was appointed Head of Inspection, and he removed this office from the Museum (Gallegos 1996; Rutsch 2007). Gamio held a number of important administrative positions throughout his career. He was member of the Supreme Council of Welfare from 1929 to 1932. In 1933, he held various positions
C. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
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in Public Education, National Economy, and the Agricultural Department. In 1934, he was General Director of Rural Population and Settlement in the Ministry of Agriculture and from
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