Geomorphosite Comparative Analysis in Costa Rica and Cameroon Volcanoes
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geomorphosite Comparative Analysis in Costa Rica and Cameroon Volcanoes Adolfo Quesada-Román 1
&
Ghislain Tefogoum Zangmo 2
&
Dennis Pérez-Umaña 3
Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 # The European Association for Conservation of the Geological Heritage 2020
Abstract Volcanic geoheritage is an emerging field with limited assessments and particular methodological approaches worldwide. The scarcity of volcanic geomorphosite evaluation is higher in tropical countries, particularly developing ones such as Costa Rica and Cameroon. To contribute to reducing this gap in the literature, we evaluate and compare the geomorphosites of the Irazú and Eboga volcanoes, which are renowned massifs for both their natural and their cultural qualities in their respective countries. We used an integrated approach for the inventory and management of volcanic heritage crossing geomorphological and cultural information in order to promote geotourism among all their geodiversity. The study shows that Irazú and Eboga volcanoes are representative for Costa Rica and Cameroon. This information is critical for the promotion of geotourism to a larger public through geoconservation. Our results demonstrate the importance and value that these volcanoes have in promoting and preserving geoheritage in Costa Rica and Cameroon. It is our hope that these outputs may encourage new research in regions less studied tropical volcanic regions. The methodology used proves to be a useful tool in evaluating geomorphological heritage in tropical volcanic environments. Consequently, our study aims to enhance the state of the art of tropical volcanic geoheritage. Keywords Irazú volcano . Eboga volcano . Volcanic geoheritage . Tropical geoheritage . Geoheritage evaluation . Volcanic landscapes
Introduction Geomorphosites are earth surface elements which are important in helping to understand the Earth’s history (Panizza 2001). Furthermore, a geomorphosite is defined as a landform with historical, cultural, esthetic, and socioeconomic added values (Reynard and Giusti 2018). For instance, geoheritage intrinsically has natural and cultural elements, such as geomorphosites, studied by cultural geomorphology (Panizza and Piacente 2003). The interactions between the cultural components of a territory and the geomorphological context favor geoheritage recognition (Boukhchim et al.
* Adolfo Quesada-Román [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
3
College of Professionals in Geography, San José, Costa Rica
2018). Geoheritage studies around the world have seen a continued growth since the early 1990s (Brilha and Reynard 2018). Moreover, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals recognize the importance of geoheritage and geoconservation (Gordon et al. 2018), while the Earth Charter (earthcharter.org) promotes
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