Geopolymers as potential repair material in tiles conservation
- PDF / 1,315,950 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 57 Downloads / 195 Views
INVITED PAPER
Geopolymers as potential repair material in tiles conservation Catarina F. M. Geraldes1,2 • Augusta M. Lima2,3 • Jose´ Delgado-Rodrigues1 Joa˜o Manuel Mimoso1 • Sı´lvia R. M. Pereira1
•
Received: 12 October 2015 / Accepted: 8 February 2016 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) usually show serious drawbacks in terms of compatibility, effectiveness or durability. The existing solutions do not fully protect Portuguese faı¨ence tiles (azulejos) in outdoor conditions and frequently result in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for tile lacunae infill, given the chemical–mineralogical similitude to the ceramic body, and also the durability and versatile range of physical properties that can be obtained through the manipulation of their formulation and curing conditions. This work presents and discusses the viability of the use of geopolymeric pastes to fill lacunae in tiles or to act as ‘‘cold’’ cast ceramic tile surrogates reproducing missing tile fragments. The formulation of geopolymers, namely the type of activators, the alumino-silicate source, the quantity of water required for adequate workability and curing conditions, was studied. The need for post-curing desalination was also considered envisaging their application in the restoration of outdoor historical architectural tiles frequently exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The possible advantages and disadvantages of the use of geopolymers in the & Sı´lvia R. M. Pereira [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Laborato´rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil- LNEC, Avenida do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
2
Departamento de Conservac¸a˜o e Restauro, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
Unidade de Investigac¸a˜o VICARTE – Vidro e Ceraˆmica para as Artes, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
conservation of tiles are also discussed. The results obtained reveal that geopolymers pastes are a promising material for the restoration of tiles, when compared to other solutions currently in use.
1 Introduction The large technological development in recent decades has resulted in the study and production of a range of promising novel materials, such as the commonly designated geopolymers or alkali-activated alumino-silicates [1– 4]. These materials have attracted the attention of the scientific community, particularly in the field of civil engineering due to their low carbon footprint, excellent mechanical properties and high resistance to heat and acids [1, 4–8]. While there is a high potential of applicability of these materials in the conservation and restoration field, especially as infill for stone and ceramics, the scientific and technological aspects deriving from their practical use have, however, been little explored s
Data Loading...
