Geospatial Assessment of Urban Growth Dynamics and Land Surface Temperature in Ajmer Region, India
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Geospatial Assessment of Urban Growth Dynamics and Land Surface Temperature in Ajmer Region, India Kanchan Lakra1 • Devesh Sharma1 Received: 4 October 2018 / Accepted: 12 March 2019 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2019
Abstract Climate change is a worldwide phenomenon, and one of its factors is land use land cover (LULC) change. LULC is frequently remolding the face of Earth, owing to both natural and anthropogenic reasons. This change is also responsible for temperature variations on the land surface. The aim of the present study is to draw a spatiotemporal association between LULC, elevation and land surface temperature (LST), considering the region of Ajmer and its vicinity. For the study, satellite images of 1993, 2008 and 2017 of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 are used. To obtain the LST, window algorithm was employed. Changes in LULC were analyzed and further verified by field data. Relation between LST and elevation was drawn with the help of digital elevation model. It was established that the built-up land has increased by 2.42% since 1993–2017 indicating population growth. Considering LST, maximum mean temperatures were found for degraded/sandy soil; hills/barren/uncultivated land; and fallow land. The lowest temperatures were observed for vegetation and water bodies. Henceforth, it is essential to draw a relation between LULC and LST to have improved perception of the effects of changing land covers on the urban climate. Keywords Land use land cover (LULC) Land surface temperature (LST) Urban heat island (UHI) Urban cool island (UCI)
Introduction The present world is seeing and observing the adverse outcomes of changing climate and global warming more than ever. With industrialization, the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have raised from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million in the last 150 years (NASA, Global Climate Change). According to the IPCC Report 2014, there is more than 95 percent chance that the anthropogenic greenhouse gases are accountable for the increased Earth’s temperature in the past 50 years. The preceding century has seen the average Earth’s temperature to increase by 2 °C. The rate of global urbanization is increasing rapidly, and it & Devesh Sharma [email protected]; [email protected] Kanchan Lakra [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
is predicted that 68 percent of the global population will reside in the cities by 2050 (UN DESA; Sharma et al. 2018). Urban areas are both gravely impacted by climate change; as well, they are a chief source of greenhouse gases. Factors like extensive infrastructure, deteriorating natural environment and rising population density are promoters of climate change. Earth’s surface is continually changing due to either natural or anthropogenic reason. In the past decade, for the most part of the human actions like deforestation, urbanization and agricultural have con
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