German Idealism and the Problem of Knowledge: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel
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Studies in German Idealism
Series Editor: Reinier Munk, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Advisory Editorial Board: Frederick Beiser, Syracuse University, U.S.A. Daniel Dahlstrom, Boston University, U.S.A. George di Giovanni, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Paul Guyer, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Detlev Pätzold, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Andrea Poma, University of Torino, Italy
VOLUME 8 For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com /series/6545
GERMAN IDEALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE: KANT, FICHTE, SCHELLING, AND HEGEL
by
NECTARIOS G. LIMNATIS
123
Nectarios G. Limnatis Hofstra University Department of Philosophy Hempstead NY 11549-1000 USA
ISBN 978-1-4020-8799-8
e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8800-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931590 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
For Monika
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
1
EPISTEMOLOGY OR METAPHYSICS? THE KANTIAN BACKGROUND I. Scientific Metaphysics? II. Transcendentalism Versus Realism? III. The Ontological Facet: The Transcendental Self and the Thing-in-itself IV. From the Ontological to the Logical: Understanding, Reason, and Totality V. The Logical Facet: Kant’s Relation to Formal Logic and the Problem of Contradiction
2
FROM EPISTEMOLOGY TO METAPHYSICS: FICHTE AND SCHELLING I. Fichte: The Thing-in-Itself and the Dialectical Leap A. The Notion of a Philosophical Science and its Relation to Logic B. The Transcendental Self as (F)act. C.Fichte’s New Dialectic and the Grasp of the Problem of Contradiction D.The Thing-in-itself and the Horizons of Knowledge II. Schelling: Epistemology and the Resurrection of Metaphysics A. Philosophy as Scientific System in the Early Schelling
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13 13 20 28 49 61
73 73 75 83 96 109 126 129
viii
GERMAN IDEALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE
B. Identity, Logic and Contradiction in the Early Schelling C.The Twofold Nature of Schelling’s Transcendental Philosophy D.The Resurrection of Metaphysics and the Problem of Dialectic 3
FROM METAPHYSICS TO EPISTEMOLOGY I: FROM THE PHENOMENOLOGY TO THE LOGIC OR HEGEL’S CLAIM FOR ABSOLUTE KNOWING AND ITS MEANING I. Idealism, Reason, and Contradiction in the Early Hegel II. Hegel’s Phenomenology. The Coming-to-be of the Self and the Question of Intersubjectivity A. The Dialectic of Sense-Certainty B. Perception as Humanized Sense C.The Understanding as Conceptualizing Ability III. The Transition to Self-Consciousness and Idealism A. Activity and Intersubjectivity B. Excursus in Genetic Epistemology: Piaget, Vygotsky and Hegel on Thought, Language and Cu
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