Germanium Reduces Inflammatory Damage in Mammary Glands During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice
- PDF / 2,464,321 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 0 Downloads / 209 Views
Germanium Reduces Inflammatory Damage in Mammary Glands During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice Yong-sheng Wang 1
&
Guo-qing Teng 1
&
Han Zhou 2
&
Chun-liu Dong 2
Received: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ge is a trace element needed for good nutrition and health protection in animals and humans. Ge can be consumed by drinking or eating or administered by injection and transferred with the blood to exert pharmacological activities. The blood is important in the formation of milk. Mastitis is a serious health hazard in animals and humans. The present study explored the effect of Ge on mastitis and the potential underlying mechanism. A mastitis mouse model was established with LPS. mMECs were prepared for study in vitro. Histopathological changes showed that Ge had a protective effect on mammary gland tissues. Ge inhibited MPO activity to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration during mastitis. ELISA and qPCR results for tissues and cells showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was decreased and that of IL-10 was increased by Ge in a dose-dependent manner in mastitis. An analysis of protein phosphorylation was performed with sandwich ELISAs for both tissues and mMECs. The results showed that Ge significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, NF-κB p65, p38, ERK, and JNK, which was dramatically increased by LPS. These results demonstrate that Ge has an inhibitory effect on inflammation that protects mammary gland tissues by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathway activation and reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. Ge may be an effective clinical treatment for mastitis and other inflammatory diseases. Keywords Germanium . Inflammation . Mastitis . NF-κB signal path . MAPKs signal path
Introduction Germanium (Ge), a trace element, is found at a concentration of approximately 0.2 mg/kg on average in soil [1]. It was detected in plants in 1913 but was not found in animals until 1929. Ge is widely distributed in animal organs and tissues [2]. It has been reported that Ge is a trace element needed for good nutrition and health protection and is involved in many
* Yong-sheng Wang [email protected] Guo-qing Teng [email protected] Han Zhou [email protected] Chun-liu Dong [email protected] 1
Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 132101, People’s Republic of China
processes, such as anticancer activity, antioxidation, immune regulation, bacteriostasis, hypoglycemic ester production, free radical scavenging, and hematopoietic system stimulation [3]. Ge is not normally stored in specific tissues or organs. The pharmacological activities of Ge have been studied by synthesizing organic germanium compounds [4]. Ge can be consumed in drinking water or food or administered by drug injection. Then, Ge is transferred to tissues
Data Loading...
