Getting It Right in Science and Medicine Can Science Progress throug
This book advocates the importance and value of errors for the progress of scientific research! Hans Kricheldorf explains that most of the great scientific achievements are based on an iterative process (an ‘innate self-healing mechanism’): errors are com
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Getting It Right in Science and Medicine Can Science Progress through Errors?
Fallacies and Facts
Getting It Right in Science and Medicine
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Hans R. Kricheldorf
Getting It Right in Science and Medicine Can Science Progress through Errors? Fallacies and Facts
Hans R. Kricheldorf Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Universita¨t Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-30386-4 ISBN 978-3-319-30388-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30388-8
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016934591 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
For my mother Orlaug Christie v. Aadna
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Preface
This book may be understood as a second revised and augmented edition of the German version Erkenntnisse und Irrt€ umer in Medizin und Naturwissenschaft published by Springer Spektrum in 2014. Hamburg, Germany
Hans R. Kricheldorf
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Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Prof. Dr. Saber Chatti (INSA Institute, Lyon, France) for drawing the formulas and Dr. Norbert Czerwinski (TU Karlsruhe, Germany) for digitalization of all figures. The author feels particularly indebted to Dr. Tobias Wassermann (Springer, Heidelberg) for careful revision of the entire manuscript.
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Contents
Part I
Insights and Definitions
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 8
2
What Is the Meaning of Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 How Can We Define Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 What Is a Law of Nature? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 M
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