Global Competition of Universities in the Mirror of International Rankings
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t of View Global Competition of Universities in the Mirror of International Rankings E. V. Balatskya,* and N. A. Ekimovab,**,# a
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Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received April 20, 2020; revised May 11, 2020; accepted May 29, 2020
Abstract—Shifts in the global competition in the market of world-class universities (WCUs) are analyzed; the long-term restructuring of this market is considered in three geopolitical centers—the United States, Europe, and Asia—over the past 18 years of the 21st century. Nine of the most authoritative global university rankings were used as an information base. Calculations show that even though the positions of American universities in the top lists of world rankings are weakening, giving way to European and Asian universities, the United States continues to maintain leadership in this area. However, the authors’ expert forecast makes it possible to say that, if the emerging trends continue, by 2030 the number of WCUs of Europe and the United States in the Top 100 of many global ratings can be equalized, leading to a kind of Euro–American parity in the higher education sector. According to the authors, the desire of countries to create their own WCUs is a positive trend in terms of the development of global science. Keywords: world-class universities, global university rankings, competitiveness, geopolitical inversion. DOI: 10.1134/S1019331620040073
Today, no one disputes the fact that the world is in a state of global geopolitical turbulence. In recent decades, enormous technological, institutional, and cultural changes have occurred in the United States, Europe, and Asia. During this time, the economic center of gravity has shifted in favor of Asia, primarily China. These changes have logically affected the market of leading universities in various countries, which from the late 20th–early 21st century have actively been involved in the competition for the construction of global scientific and educational systems. World-class universities (WCUs) are the most important, though not the only, element of this system. The number and power of WCUs are not only an indicator of the level of development of countries but also a factor for their further strengthening. In recent years, a new analytical tool has appeared to evaluate universities in general and the # Evgeny
Vsevolodovich Balatsky, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), is Director of the Macroeconomic Research Center, Financial University under the Russian Government, and Chief Researcher at the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (CEMI RAS). Natal’ya Aleksandrovna Ekimova, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), is a Leading Researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Center, Financial University under the Russian Government.
WCUs in particular—global university rankings (GURs), the number of which has grown over time so greatly that they ha
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