Global Environmental Changes in South Asia A Regional Perspective
The Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC having clinched in 2007 the evidence of global warming on account of anthropogenic activities, backed with scientific data gathered and analyzed globally, has made it mandatory world over to focus efforts on delineatio
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ii Introduction
Global Environmental Changes in South Asia A Regional Perspective
Edited by A.P. Mitra (deceased) and C. Sharma National Physical Laboratory New Delhi, India
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-9912-0 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9913-7 (e-book)
Copublished by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands with Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York 10013, USA. In all other countries, except India, sold and distributed by Springer, Haberstrasse 7, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. In India, sold and distributed by Capital Publishing Company, 7/28, Mahaveer Street, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, 110 002, India. www.springer.com
Cover photo credit: Photograph taken by R. Nagarajan, at Kolar District, Karnataka, India.
Printed on acid-free paper
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Foreword
The Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC having clinched in 2007 the evidence of global warming on account of anthropogenic activities, backed with scientific data gathered and analyzed globally, has made it mandatory world over to focus efforts on delineation of the anticipated adverse impacts of global warming on regional temperature and moisture regimes and the linked hydrologic, climatic and biospheric processes. First and foremost is the requirement to understand vulnerability to food and livelihood security in various ecosystems—on mainland, mid-range and high mountains as well as coastal areas including CEZs. The projected global temperature rise of the order of about two degrees or more and further rise at a decadal rate of around 0.2oC is sufficient to make grievous changes in sea surface level and submerge many low lying coastal areas around the world thereby possibly causing unprecedented losses to human habitat and livelihood in the coming years. A rise in climate variability is also becoming increasingly evident with potential direct impact on agricultural performance, on water accessibility and on weather extremes. Developing countries due to their poor infrastructure, limited resources and large impoverished population are likely to face more intense and widespread adverse impact of climate change than the developed world and also have limited adaptation capacity. Keeping this in view the Global Change System for Analysis Research and Training (START), of which the South Asian START Regional Centre (SAS-RC) operated by National Physical Laboratory at New Delhi is an organ, had initiated i
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