Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops

Increase in world population, extreme weather conditions, decrease in fresh water supplies, and changes of dietary habits are major issues that affect global food security. We are expected to face the challenges of land use by 2050 because population will

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rspectives on Underutilized Crops

Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops

Munir Ozturk Khalid Rehman Hakeem Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad Editors

Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops

Editors Munir Ozturk Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies Ege University Izmir, Turkey Muhammad Ashraf Pakistan Science Foundation Islamabad, Pakistan

Khalid Rehman Hakeem Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

ISBN 978-3-319-77775-7    ISBN 978-3-319-77776-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77776-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018941101 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to ‘KASHMIR’, the mesmerising region on the globe, commonly known as the ‘Paradise on Earth’. (Image: Google Maps)

Preface

Today more than 200  million people have little access to enough food to live a healthy life. An increase in the agricultural production followed by ­overconsumption has increased the pressure on our environment. Biotechnological developments in the agricultural sector are playing a great role towards an increase in the p­ roductivity. In spite of all these developments only a very small population on earth at the global level has access to a variety of nutritious and affordable foods. During the centuries the humans living on planet earth have evaluated only 30 plants at a large scale. These plants provide more than 90% of the global food ene