Global systematic diversity, range distributions, conservation and taxonomic assessments of graylings (Teleostei: Salmon
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Global systematic diversity, range distributions, conservation and taxonomic assessments of graylings (Teleostei: Salmonidae; Thymallus spp.) Steven J. Weiss 1 & Duarte V. Gonçalves 2 & Giulia Secci-Petretto 2,3 & Gernot K. Englmaier 1 & André Gomes-DosSantos 2,3 & Gael P. J. Denys 4,5 & Henri Persat 6 & Alexander Antonov 7 & Christoph Hahn 1 & Eric B. Taylor 8 & Elsa Froufe 2 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Graylings (Thymallus) are among the less well-studied groups of salmonid fishes, especially across their Asian distribution range. Here we perform a comprehensive global review of their phylogeography, systematic diversity and range distributions, including biogeographic reconstruction and assessment of both conservation and taxonomic status of each species. Based on a mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis, three approaches to the delineation of molecular operational units, and evaluation of 15 a-priori defined species, we provide biological support for the recognition of 13 grayling species, plus two additional species tentatively. Several instances of paraphyly and its potential effect on systematic inferences are discussed. Overall, the genus displays increasing species diversity and decreasing range size from higher to lower latitudes and ancestral trait reconstruction supports an East Asian origin for extant diversity, most likely centred in the Amur River drainage. Europe’s colonization by Thymallus took place as early as the late Miocene, at least two colonisations of North America are supported, and multiple dispersal events likely took place into Western Siberia. The conservation status for the 15 taxa was estimated to be: 6 least concern, 1 near-threatened, 2 vulnerable, 3 endangered and 3 data deficient. Keywords Mitogenome phylogeny . Species delineation . Conservation assessment . Time-calibrated phylogeny . Siberian biogeography . Grayling
* Steven J. Weiss [email protected] 1
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Laboratoire de Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, 57 rue Cuvier CP26, 75005 Paris, France
Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Société Française d’Ichthyologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, France, 57 rue Cuvier CP26, 75005 Paris, France
CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, Far Eastern Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dikopoltseva St., 56, Khabarovsk, Russia 680000
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Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Ave, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z, Canada
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Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Unité Mixte de Service Patrimoine Naturelle – Centre d’expertise et de données (
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