Global Warming Engineering Solutions
Global Warming: Engineering Solutions goes beyond discussing the definition and causes of climate change, and offers concrete solutions for solving global warming. Innovative and forward-thinking engineering solutions are needed to tackle global warming’s
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Ibrahim Dincer Adnan Midilli Arif Hepbasli T. Hikmet Karakoc Editors GREEN ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY
Global Warming
Global Warming Engineering Solutions
Green Energy and Technology
For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/8059
Ibrahim Dincer · Adnan Midilli · Arif Hepbasli · T. Hikmet Karakoc Editors
Global Warming: Engineering Solutions
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Editors Ibrahim Dincer University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) Fac. Engineering & Applied Science 2000 Simcoe Street N. Oshawa ON L1H 7K4 Canada [email protected] Adnan Midilli Department of Mechanical Engineering Nigde University 51200 Nigde Turkey [email protected]
Arif Hepbasli Department of Mechanical Engineering Ege University 35100 Bornova, Izmir Turkey arif.hepbasli @ege.edu.tr T. Hikmet Karakoc Anadolu University School of Civil Aviation 26470 Eskisehir Turkey [email protected]
e-ISSN 1865-3537 ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-1-4419-1016-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1017-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1017-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930937 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Global warming is considered an average increase in the Earth’s temperature due to greenhouse effect as a result of both natural and human activities. In common usage, “global warming” often refers to the warming that can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities, e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and fluorinated gases, which act like a greenhouse around the earth, trapping the heat from the sun into the earth’s atmosphere and increasing the Earth’s temperature. Catastrophic events around the world have brought a desperate picture to forefront! The Global Conference on Global Warming 2008 (GCGW-08) was initiated to bring all disciplines together for local and global solutions to combat global warming. It is a multi-disciplinary global conference on global warming (and climate change), not only in engineering and science but also in all other disciplines (e.g., ecology, education, social sciences, economics, management, political sciences, and information technology). It covers a broad range of topics on energy an
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