Gold nanowires with high aspect ratio and morphological purity: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of parameter
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Sahin Coskun Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
Emren Nalbant Esenturka) Micro and Nanotechnology Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey (Received 28 August 2012; accepted 26 November 2012)
In this study, gold (Au) nanowires were synthesized with a modified hydrothermal process, and high structural purity and control over Au nanowire diameter were achieved. Parametric study was performed to examine the effect of surfactant concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the quality of the synthesized products. The optimum conditions were determined for the synthesis with two different surfactant molecules, namely hexamethylenetetramine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Au nanowires synthesized under optimum conditions have high aspect ratio (diameters in the range of 50–110 nm and lengths in micrometers) with high structural purity and are potentially useful for applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and transparent conducting electrodes for optoelectronic devices.
I. INTRODUCTION
Tuning the properties of materials in nanoregime by manipulating their size and shape serves immense application possibilities. Noble metal nanomaterials, in particular, are enjoying the well-deserved attention steaming from their size- and shape-dependent properties that make them desirable for applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy,1–3 catalysis,4 and cancer therapy.5 One-dimensional noble metal materials, nanowires, are particularly alluring due to their special optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Having a high surface area and only one unconfined direction, which is available for electrical conduction, makes nanowires attractive for applications where direct electrical conduction rather than tunneling transport is preferred such as sensitive electronic biosensors.6,7 Also, nanowires with very high aspect ratios will provide production of transparent and conductive networks for the fabrication of electrodes for organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes.8–10 Various methods have been developed to synthesize silver (Ag) or gold (Au) nanowires.11–20 However, preparation of high aspect ratio Au nanowires, in particular, with high structural purity and yield is rather challenging, and preparation routes, in general, are hampered by difficult purification steps, impractical production methods, and polydispersity of the products. For instance, templatea)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.407 250
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 2, Jan 28, 2013
http://journals.cambridge.org
Downloaded: 30 Nov 2014
assisted preparation is one of the most widely applied techniques for the synthesis of Au nanowires.21 The method can be achieved using various templates such as porous alumina films, etched ion track membranes, mesoporous silica, and biotemplat
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