GPS Positioning Accuracy in Different Modes with Active Forcing on the Ionosphere from the Sura High-Power HF Radiation
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Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 62, No. 12, May, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 62, No. 12, December, 2019)
GPS POSITIONING ACCURACY IN DIFFERENT MODES WITH ACTIVE FORCING ON THE IONOSPHERE FROM THE SURA HIGH-POWER HF RADIATION Yu. V. Yasyukevich,1 ∗ S. V. Syrovatskiy,1,2 A. M. Padokhin,2 V. L. Frolov,3,4 A. M. Vesnin,1 D. A. Zatolokin,1 G. A. Kurbatov,2 R. V. Zagretdinov,4 A. V. Pershin,3 and A. S. Yasyukevich1
UDC 550.388.2
The global navigation satellite system accuracy and the possibility to actively affect it is quite a relevant problem. Based on two experimental campaigns (2010 and 2016), we analyzed the GPS positioning accuracy with forcing from the Sura high-power HF radiation. Analysis of the positioning error variations for 14 stations at different distances from the heater (directly near the latter and more than a thousand kilometers away from it) showed the absence of significant effects both in the precise point positioning (PPP) mode and in a standard iterative single-frequency positioning mode that is most frequently used.
1.
INTRODUCTION
In the last two decades, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been tightly integrated into human economic activity. Besides the solution of applied problems, GNSS are used for studying geodynamic processes [1], as well as for monitoring of the Earth’s ionosphere [2-4] and troposphere [5]. Some studies showed a significant impact of space weather on the quality of GNSS operation [6, 7]. Active forcing is another factor that has a comparable effect on the state of the near-Earth space (at least, in local areas). The Earth’s ionosphere has intensely been affected by high-power HF waves since the 60s and 70s of the last century [8, 9]. Currently, four heating facilities are operative: the high-latitude HAARP [10] and EISCAT/Heating facilities [11, 12], the low-latitude Arecibo facility [13], and Sura, which is the only heater at mid-latitudes [14, 15]. In different time, the experiments were also carried out with other setups [8, 9]. The main mechanisms of disturbance generation within the antenna pattern of the heater, as well as close to it, leading to the appearance of ionospheric irregularities with spatial scales across the geomagnetic field from fractions of a meter to hundreds of kilometers, have been examined [16-20]. The results of these studies have been published, in particular, in a number of reviews [8, 9, 11, 21-25]. In recent years, the parameters of artificial ionospheric irregularities excited at large distances from the heater were measured. For example, the parameters of traveling artificial ionospheric disturbances/acoustic–gravity waves at significant (up to 1000 km) distances from the Sura heater were explored in [26, 27] using a Doppler radar and the Kharkov ∗
[email protected] 1
Institute of Solar–Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk; Physical Faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow; 3 Radiophysical Research Institute of the N. I. Lobachevsky State University of
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