GPS-Specific Local Effects at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are important contributors to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). For the combination of different space geodetic techniques, terrestrial measurements between the correspondi
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P. Steigenberger, U. Hugentobler, R. Schmid, U. Hessels, T. Klu¨gel, and M. Seitz
Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are important contributors to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). For the combination of different space geodetic techniques, terrestrial measurements between the corresponding reference points are necessary. Discrepancies between these so-called local ties on the one hand and the coordinate differences derived from space techniques on the other hand are a major limitation for the realization of the ITRS nowadays. In the past, these discrepancies have often been attributed to inaccurate terrestrial measurements. This paper shows that a major part of the differences can be explained by systematic GNSS-specific errors, if a global data analysis is simulated. One of the most important error sources for GNSS are interactions of the antenna with its immediate vicinity, primarily multipath. At the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell (Germany), up to six GNSS permanent sites are operated in parallel at a distance of only a few meters. This antenna array is ideal to study the impact of local effects on the various GNSS observables and linear combinations. Comparisons of solutions obtained from different GNSS observables reveal cm-level discrepancies. Individual receiver antenna calibrations have an impact on the estimated station positions on the level of several millimeters. As other error sources dominate, their application does not lead to an improvement in all cases. Keywords
Terrestrial reference frame Local tie Antenna phase center model Global positioning system Multipath
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P. Steigenberger (*) U. Hugentobler R. Schmid Institut fu¨r Astronomische und Physikalische Geoda¨sie, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Arcisstraße 21, Munich 80290, Germany e-mail: [email protected] U. Hessels T. Klu¨gel Bundesamt fu¨r Kartographie und Geoda¨sie, Geoda¨tisches Observatorium Wettzell, Sackenrieder Straße 25, Bad Ko¨tzting 93444, Germany M. Seitz Deutsches Geoda¨tisches Forschungsinstitut, Alfons-Goppel-Straße 11, Munich 80539, Germany
Introduction
At the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, three of the space geodetic techniques used for the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) are operated: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is the only technique not present at Wettzell due to signal interferences with VLBI. For the combination of the space geodetic techniques, terrestrial measurements (local ties) connecting the reference points of the different techniques are necessary. In the computation of the recent realization of
Z. Altamimi and X. Collilieux (eds.), Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences, International Association of Geodesy Symposia 138, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_20, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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