GraphITA 2011 Selected papers from the Workshop on Fundamentals and
In recent years, graphene based research has witnessed a tremendous explosion. This two dimensional "dream" material has come into the main spotlight of fundamental and applied research in diverse nano-science fields, but surprisingly rapidly, it has
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Abstract The mechanical response of single layer graphene is monitored by simultaneous Raman measurements through the shift of either the G or 2D optical phonons, for low levels of tensile and compressive strain. In tension, important physical phenomena such as the G and 2D band splitting are discussed. The results can be used to quantify the amount of uniaxial strain, providing a fundamental tool for graphenebased nanoelectronics. In compression, graphenes of atomic thickness embedded in plastic beams are found to exhibit remarkable high compression failure strains. The critical buckling strain for graphene appears to be dependent on the flake size and geometry with respect to the strain axis. It is shown that the embedded flakes can be treated as ideal plates and their behavior can be described by Euler mechanics.
K. Papagelis · O. Frank · J. Parthenios · C. Galiotis (B) Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, 26504 Platani, Patras Achaias, Greece email: [email protected] K. Papagelis · C. Galiotis Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece O. Frank J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR v.v.i, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic · G. Tsoukleri · C. Galiotis Interdepartmental programme in Polymer Science and Technology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece K. Novoselov Department of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
L. Ottaviano and V. Morandi (eds.), GraphITA 2011, Carbon Nanostructures, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20644-3_11, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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1 Introduction Graphene consists of a two-dimensional sheet of covalently bonded carbon and forms the basis of both one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, three-dimensional graphite but also of important commercial products, such as, polycrystalline carbon (graphite) fibres. As a single defect-free molecule, graphene is predicted to have an intrinsic tensile strength higher than any other known material [1] and tensile stiffness similar to values measured for graphite. Actually, experiments [2] have indeed confirmed the extreme stiffness of graphene of 1 TPa and provided an indication of the breaking strength of graphene of 42 N m−1 (or 130 GPa considering the thickness of graphene as 0.335 nm). In recent years the elastic moduli of single layer graphenes (SLG) have been a subject of intensive theoretical research and different approaches have been employed [3–5]. However, as is evident there is a large discrepancy of values regarding the stiffness of SLG and values ranging from 0.5 to 4 TPa have been proposed based on the methodology pursued in each case. The aforementioned experiments involved the simple bending of a tiny flake by an indenter on an AFM set-up and the force-displacement response was approximated by considering graphene as a clamped circular membrane made by an isotropi
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