Graphitization of Coke and Its Interaction with Slag in the Hearth of a Blast Furnace
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. Candidate, is with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, and also with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, and is also Visiting Ph.D. Candidate with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada. JIANLIANG ZHANG, Professor, YANXIANG LIU, Ph.D. Candidate, ZHENGJIAN LIU, Lecturer, JIANBO ZHONG, Master Candidate, MENGFANG WEI, Engineer, GUANGWEI WANG, Lecturer, and TIANJUN YANG, Professor, are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, and also with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Contact e-mail: zhang.jianliang@hot mail.com. MANSOOR BARATI, Professor, is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto. BUXIN SU, Engineer, is with the China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100711, P.R. China Manuscript submitted June 1, 2015. Article published online January 11, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
Coke is the only solid material remaining throughout the lower zones of a blast furnace, especially in the hearth level. It provides the mechanical support for the burden above it and ensures the permeability of the materials column.[1] Those irreplaceable functions make coke behavior in the high temperature zones a key factor that influences the operational efficiency as well as campaign life of blast furnace.[2,3] An in-depth understanding about coke reaction behavior in the high temperature zone of a blast furnace is critical to optimize both the ironmaking blast furnace and many other metallurgical processes based on carbothermic reduction if these processes are to be optimized with respect to their carbon/coke consumption.[3] Due to the harsh environment and limited access to the lower zone of the blast furnace, direct observation of the coke behavior inside this high temperature zone cannot be achieved. Samples extracted from an operating blast furnace using tuyere drilling technique have provided a source of potentially useful information about various important inner phenomena in the tuyere level.[4,5] Using this method, the changes of coke characteristics in the raceway zone (a cavity located right in front of a tuyere, in which coarse coke particles are often found loosely packed[3]) and tuyere level,[6] i.e., carbon structural order,[4] mineral transformation,[7] reactivity and strength,[5] and formation/accumulation of new phases[8–11] are somewhat understood. In addition, the interfaces between coke, slag, and metal have been characterized using scanning electronic microscope with samples obtained from the tuyere level of a blast furnace.[12] However, for the zones below the tuyere level, it is impossible to extract samples from an operating blast furnace. Previous dissection attempts on blast furnace hearth f
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