Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro

The theory, observations, and applications of gravitational lensing constitute one of the most rapidly growing branches of astrophysics. The gravitational deflection of light generated by mass concentrations along a light path produces magnification, mult

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Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro



Saas-Fee Advanced Course 33

P. Schneider

C. Kochanek

J. Wambsganss

Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro Saas-Fee Advanced Course 33 Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy Edited by G. Meylan, P. Jetzer and P. North

With 196 Illustrations, 36 in Color

ABC

Peter Schneider

Joachim Wambsganss

Institut für Astrophysik und Extraterrestrische Forschung Universität Bonn Auf dem Hügel 71 D-53121 Bonn, Germany [email protected]

Zentrum für Astronomie Universität Heidelberg (ZAH) Mönchhofstr. 12-14 D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany [email protected]

Christopher S. Kochanek Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 4055 McPherson Lab 140 West 18th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 USA [email protected]

Volume Editors: Georges Meylan Pierre North

Philippe Jetzer Institute of Theoretical Physics Universität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland

Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Observatoire CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland

This series is edited on behalf of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy: Soci´et´e Suisse d’Astrophysique et d’Astronomie Observatoire de Gen`eve, ch. des Maillettes 51, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland

Cover picture: (Left) Matterhorn, Zermatt, Switzerland, as seen in all its usual beauty (Kurt Müller, http://photo.zermatt.ch). (Right) Another vision of the same mountain, as observed on 1 April 2003, while suffering from the transiant phenomenon of a passing-by black hole of one Jupiter mass (with the help of B. McLeod, CfA, Castle, and F. Summers, STScI)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006920099

ISBN-10 3-540-30309-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-30309-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. A X macro package Typesetting by the authors and SPI Publisher Services using a Springer LT E Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg

Printed on acid-free paper

SPIN: 11568278

55/3100/SPI - 5 4 3 2 1 0

To the memory of Dennis Walsh (12