Gravity and geoid in the Mediterranean Sea: the GEOMED project
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EARTH’S GRAVITY FIELD AND EARTH SCIENCES
Gravity and geoid in the Mediterranean Sea: the GEOMED project Ilias N. Tziavos1 Received: 3 November 2019 / Accepted: 21 January 2020 © Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 2020
Abstract The peculiar features of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of both gravity variations and geodynamic complexities resulted in a wide range of studies and research projects during the last decades focusing on the modeling of static and dynamic processes of this almost closed sea basin. The scope of the present study is twofold. The first part shall provide a synopsis of the data and methods used and the results achieved for geoid determination in the first phase of the GEOMED project (GEOid in the MEDiterranean) in the early 90s. The second part focuses on the recent activities and improvements of the continuation of the previous research in the framework of the GEOMED-2 project which is still an ongoing work. The collection of all available surface and satellite data towards the creation of improved gravity databases and the computation of marine geoid models are discussed. The crucial role of global geopotential models and digital topography and bathymetry is analyzed, focusing on the efficient modeling of the low and high frequencies of the gravity signal. The numerical methodology is discussed in the context of the available data sets and computer facilities over the duration of GEOMED. Finally, gravity databases and geoid models for the whole test area are presented and evaluated for both phases of the project. Some recommendations are also drawn along with a discussion on new methodological tools for the implementation of new data sources, targeting to the future improvement of gravity field over the Mediterranean Sea. Keywords Gravity field · Mediterranean Sea · GEOMED project · Geoid · Gravity database · Least-squares collocation (LSC) · Fast Fourier transform (FFT)
1 Introduction The Mediterranean Sea is widely considered by the geoscientific community as one of the most important natural laboratories over the globe presenting a very rough gravity field along with peculiar geodynamic and tectonic features, especially at the eastern part. Evidently, the modelling and mapping of the main constituents of the gravity field, focusing on, but not limited to, geoid determination, gravity anomaly representation, mean dynamic sea surface topography (MDT) estimation and implied marine circulation over the whole sea basin, are of significant interest to geodesists, This peer-reviewed paper is a contribution originated from presentations at the International Conference “Earth’s Gravity Field and Earth Sciences” held on March 22, 2019, at Accademia Nazinale dei Lincei in Rome. * Ilias N. Tziavos [email protected] 1
GravLab, Department of Geodesy and Surveying, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
oceanographers, and geoscientists in general (e.g., Arabelos and Tscherning 1988; Arabelos and Tziavos 1990, 1996; Arabelos et al. 1992; Barzaghi et al. 1992; Andritsanos
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