Green Sands
On account of their chemical character, molding sands with organic and inorganic binders can be singled out. The separate group constitute molding sands with bentonite (green sands) which – apart from a mineral matrix and bentonite – contain carbon substa
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Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Chemistry and Ecology Sustainable Development
Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Chemistry and Ecology
Mariusz Holtzer • Angelika Kmita
Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Chemistry and Ecology Sustainable Development
Mariusz Holtzer AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow, Poland
Angelika Kmita AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow, Poland
Translated by Janina Pawlikowska-Czuba
ISBN 978-3-030-53209-3 ISBN 978-3-030-53210-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53210-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Foundry industry is a key factor in the economy of several countries. At the same time, foundry operations, by generating harmful gases and vast amounts of waste, are increasing environmental pollution. During the last 15–20 years, the negative effect of foundry was more evident when molding sands with chemically bound binders were introduced. This plight was forced by customers who required castings of improved surface quality, higher dimensional accuracy, decreased walls thickness, and better efficiency from foundries. This led to a wide-scale application of castings in fields such as motorization, space and armaments industries. On the other hand, due to increasing societal pressure and administrative requirements, foundries are forced to employ effective technologies for molding sands using binding materials. For example, using geopolymer binders or water glass–based inorganic binders hardened by physical factors, e.g., temperature. However, these inorganic binders have limited applications and depend on dimensions of cores and molds, temperatures of pou
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