Greening Cities Forms and Functions
This book offers an overview of recent scientific and professional literature on urban greening and urban ecology, focusing on diverse disciplines such as landscape architecture, geography, urban ecology, urban climatology, biodiversity conservation, urba
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Puay Yok Tan Chi Yung Jim Editors
Greening Cities Forms and Functions
Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements Series editor Bharat Dahiya, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13196
Puay Yok Tan Chi Yung Jim •
Editors
Greening Cities Forms and Functions
123
Editors Puay Yok Tan National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
Chi Yung Jim The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
ISSN 2198-2546 ISSN 2198-2554 (electronic) Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements ISBN 978-981-10-4111-2 ISBN 978-981-10-4113-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4113-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017933066 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword I
Towns and cities have become the dominant human habitat. A species that evolved to run and hunt on grassy plains now spends a majority of its time inside structures that modify environmental conditions and largely isolate humans from nature. Yet among those structures, from the time of the earliest cities, there have usually been gardens and vegetable plots. Relaxing or working in such green spaces has long been considered a pleasant and reviving part of urban life. Historically, the green spaces were often just for the elites. They were parts of palace grounds or hidden within the walls of the most prestigious residences. Sometimes, as cities grew, they incorporated rural commons. Some remained pieces of countryside to which all local inhabitants had access, others were made available later. For example, in Scotland in 1450, Bishop Tur
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