Ground motion acceleration and response spectra of Al-Mashair area, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ground motion acceleration and response spectra of Al-Mashair area, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia Kamal Abdelrahman 1,2 & Abdullah Al-Amri 1 & Naif Al-Otaibi 1 & Mohammed Fnais 1 & Enayat Abdelmonem 3 Received: 14 December 2018 / Accepted: 9 May 2019 / Published online: 23 May 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract The residential buildings of Makkah Al-Mukarramah constructed mostly on a soft Quaternary deposits with various thicknesses reaching to more than 30 m in most districts. The spatial variation of ground motion in Al-Mashair area has been assessed by synthetic ground motion acceleration using a point source model coupled by a site response analysis. The bedrock level acceleration time histories have been generated at 27 sites within Al-Mashair area generated by earthquake of 5.0 moment magnitude, using a synthetic ground motion model. While, the ground surface response spectral curves with 5% of the critical damping were assessed using shear-wave velocity profiles of multichannel analysis of surface waves besides the earthquake time histories. Surface ground response spectra were mapped using the ArcGIS platform for 1.5 Hz, 3.0 Hz, 5.0 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz where this frequency range includes the range of natural frequencies of tall to single story buildings. The surface ground motion maps display that the hazard level ranges from low to moderate, where peak spectral acceleration varies between 13 cm/s2 and 124 cm/s2. The maximum surface ground motion values are calculated with 5% damped horizontal spectral acceleration at 10 Hz, which is equal to the natural frequency of low-rise buildings. These results should be taken into consideration from decisionmakers, urban planners, and civil engineers during the design of earthquake-resistant structures in Makkah Al-Mukarramah city in general and Al-Mashair zone in particular. Keywords Microtremor . MASW . Site class . Site response . Al-Mashair area . Makkah city
Introduction Makkah Al-Mukarramah is located in west-central part of Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1) about 70 km east of Jeddah city. It has about 2.5 million of own populations. In addition, it receives
Editorial handling: Abdullah M. Al-Amri Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4526-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kamal Abdelrahman [email protected] 1
Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2
Seismology Dept., National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt
3
Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
several millions of Muslims all over the world for the twelve monthly pilgrimages, the Hajj, and through the year for a smaller pilgrimage, the Umrah. Jeddah area experienced some destructive either historical and/or instrumental earthquakes. The strongest earthquake has been recorded in 1967, with a magnitude of 6.7 Mb, and its epicenter was located southwest of Jeddah city in the Red Sea axial trough
