Ground-Truth Experiments for the Calibration and Validation of Satellite Microwave Radiometer Data
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nd-Truth Experiments for the Calibration and Validation of Satellite Microwave Radiometer Data D. M. Karavaeva, *, Yu. V. Kuleshova, A. B. Lebedeva, S. S. Suvorova, and G. G. Shchukina a
Mozhaiskii Military Space Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received October 31, 2019; revised February 28, 2020; accepted March 5, 2020
Abstract—Ground-truth experiments are needed to calibrate and validate satellite microwave data and to improve the quality and utilization efficiency of satellite data in solving problems of hydrometeorological support. This paper considers the arrangement of specialized test observatories in the satellite data validation subsystem exemplified by the geophysical observatory in Lehtusi (a town in Leningrad oblast), describes the state and prospects of its equipping with modern tools of contact and remote measurements of meteorological parameters, and indicates directions of scientific research. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952520050032
Satellite microwave radiometers are among the most important tools for solving applied problems of meteorology and oceanology. In Russia, the development of satellite microwave radiometry for meteorological problems was initiated by K.S. Shifrin and A.E. Basharinov [2, 3]: the Groza research project studying the capabilities of microwave radiometry in satellite meteorology was approved in 1964. The first spacecraft with a microwave radiometer (wavelengths of 8.5, 3.4, 1.35, and 0.8 cm) onboard, Kosmos-243, was launched in 1968; in 1970, the experiment was continued on the Kosmos-384 spacecraft. At present, the Meteor-3M space system for hydrometeorological and oceanographic support is being created on the basis of several spacecraft of Meteor-M type [7, 19] and the latest in the series of Meteor-M No. 2-2, No. 2-3, etc., spacecraft equipped with microwave MTVZA-GYa radiometers are planned for launch [13]. Microwave radiometer data are needed for many applications, such as analysis of the dynamics of atmospheric processes, investigation of climate changes, numerical weather prediction, and investigation of atmospheric catastrophes [14, 16]. Weather forecast centers that develop operational weather forecasts are consumers of satellite microwave radiometer data [20]. The technology for remote sensing of the Earth from space requires calibration of satellite data and validation of the resulting information products [1, 11]. The development of the Russian subsystem for calibration and validation of satellite microwave radiometer data are among currently important problems governing the further development of the space system for hydrometeorological purposes.
INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF SATELLITE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS According to the World Meteorological Organization, satellite microwave radiometers are widely used at present on spacecraft in the United States, Japan, Russia, China, India, Brazil, and European countries. Foreign microwave radiometers include the ATMS (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) on the Suomi NPP spacecraft, SSMIS (Special Sen
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