Growth, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of a novel second-order nonlinear optical crystal: urotropine p
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Growth, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of a novel second-order nonlinear optical crystal: urotropine p-nitrophenol R. Durgadevi1, Ananth Steephen2, and T. Arumanayagam1,* 1 2
PG and Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 600 030, India Department of Physics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 407, India
Received: 4 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 4 September 2020
Urotropine p–nitrophenol (UTPN), a potential organic nonlinear optical material was grown by solution growth technique using methanol-water solvent. The triclinic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group P1 of the grown crystal has been confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The FTIR study confirms the functional groups present in the grown UTPN crystal. The linear optical behavior such as refractive index, complex dielectric constants and optical conductivity has been inspected through UV–vis–NIR spectrum. Optical band gap is found to be 3.02 eV. The luminescence property of the grown crystal was analyzed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Kurtz-Perry powder technique is used to estimate the second harmonic generation efficiency of UTPN and is found to be 4.6 times superior to KDP crystal. Laser damage threshold value of the grown crystal is investigated by using 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. The thermal stability of UTPN has been studied by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis. This forms the properness of the grown UTPN crystal for potential nonlinear optical applications.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction The NLO applications need organic nonlinear optical crystals with certain potentials, like large optical susceptibilities, inherent ultra-fast response time etc. [1, 2]. The aromatic organic materials having quadratic nonlinear optical properties, molecular hyperpolarizability, molecular nonlinearities, laser damage threshold and high diversity structure which fits in NLO device applications [3–5]. Organic materials can
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04410-7
be easily tailored as non-centro symmetric crystal lattice with high optical quality and thermal and mechanical stability. This non-centro symmetric structure formed by polar organic crystals exhibit second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties exceeded of those conservative materials has led to the synthesis and estimation of a wide range of potentially beneficial solids. In NLO organic molecules with p-bond systems, electron donor-acceptor group increases the asymmetric electronic
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
distribution in ground states or excited states which leads to increased optical nonlinearity [6–11]. For instance, many p-nitrophenol derivative crystals have been investigated, such as L-Lysine 4-nitrophenolate monohydrate, Dimethyl aminopyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol, L-Tryptophan p-nitrophenol, L-arginine 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol dihyd
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