Hafnium (IV) oxide obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology promotes early osteogenesis via activation of Ru
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Journal of Nanobiotechnology Open Access
RESEARCH
Hafnium (IV) oxide obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology promotes early osteogenesis via activation of Runx2‑OPN‑mir21A axis while inhibits osteoclasts activity A. Seweryn1, M. Alicka2, A. Fal3, K. Kornicka‑Garbowska2,4, K. Lawniczak‑Jablonska1, M. Ozga1, P. Kuzmiuk1, M. Godlewski1 and K. Marycz2,3,4*
Abstract Background: Due to increasing aging of population prevalence of age-related disorders including osteoporosis is rapidly growing. Due to health and economic impact of the disease, there is an urgent need to develop techniques supporting bone metabolism and bone regeneration after fracture. Due to imbalance between bone forming and bone resorbing cells, the healing process of osteoporotic bone is problematic and prolonged. Thus searching for agents able to restore the homeostasis between these cells is strongly desirable. Results: In the present study, using ALD technology, we obtained homogeneous, amorphous layer of hafnium (IV) oxide (HfO2). Considering the specific growth rate (1.9Å/cycle) for the selected process at the temperature of 90 °C, we performed the 100 nm deposition process, which was confirmed by measuring film thickness using reflectometry. Then biological properties of the layer were investigated with pre-osteoblast (MC3T3), pre-osteoclasts (4B12) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) using immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. We have shown, that HfO2 (i) enhance osteogen‑ esis, (ii) reduce osteoclastogenesis (iii) do not elicit immune response and (iv) exert anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: HfO2 layer can be applied to cover the surface of metallic biomaterials in order to enhance the healing process of osteoporotic bone fracture. Keywords: Hafnium (IV) oxide, Atomic layer deposition, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Biomaterials, Osteoporosis Background Regenerative medicine is a fast-growing field that is being successfully applied in traumatology or reconstructive surgery, where it is showing to be a promising avenue for the treatment of elderly patients [1]. Due to rapid aging of *Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50‑375 Wrocław, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
populations, there is an urgent need to develop personalized therapies for aged-related diseases. One of the most common disorder affecting elderly population worldwide is osteoporosis (OP) which deteriorates bone mass and architecture [2]. In accordance to recent data, around 200 million people suffer from OP and 8.9 million fractures are caused by the disease [3]. Besides being a great concern of the health care system, OP comes with economic burden. In the United States of America, costs of OPrelated fractures is estimated to $13.8 billion. Therefore,
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