Half a Century of Systems Studies into Developing the Power Industry in the Soviet Union and Russia: What Next? (Review)
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NERAL ISSUES OF POWER INDUSTRY
Half a Century of Systems Studies into Developing the Power Industry in the Soviet Union and Russia: What Next? (Review)1 A. A. Makarov* Energy Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117186 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 6, 2020; revised May 11, 2020; accepted May 20, 2020
Abstract—The centenary of the adoption of the GOELRO Plan2 marked this year is a remarkable date for power engineering. Fifty years later, the comprehensive energy method used to develop the plan became one of the bases of the methodology for system studies into the development of the power industry. The preconditions for the emergence of this methodology are considered and its basic scientific, methodological, and applied results are characterized. The latter are represented in chronological order over two stages of the socio-economic development of the country. During the Soviet period, the theory and basic methods and models were created for system studies into the development of the fuel and energy sector of the country, its industries, and regional subsystems (1970–1980) and their application to the long-term panning of the development of the Soviet Union’s power industry began (1981–1991). These preconditions facilitated the formation of procedures and apparatus for managing the development of the power industry of the reformed Russia (1992–1998). The system study tools adapted to the market conditions were used from 1999 to 2008 to develop the documents for strategically planning the development of the country’s power industry. Theoretically, this activity was continued after the 2009 economic crisis; later, however, it lost its systemic character and did not apply advanced studies into the prospects of the developments of Russia’s economy. Finally, the courses of the development and potential applications of this research area are discussed in alternative, mobilizing or liberal, concepts of the organization of the “future information society” (2035–2050). In this review, publications on the management of the development of large-scale energy systems are considered. The aspects of their optimal functioning are the subject of another review3. Keywords: power industry, fuel and energy sector, system studies, planning of the development, mathematical models, optimization DOI: 10.1134/S0040601520120034
Although it was in pursuit of propagandistic and political goals, the first-ever long-term vision of the development of the power industry in conjunction with the economy, the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (the GOELRO Plan) [1] became a revolution 1 For
the full text of the review of 180 publications on the subject, predominantly treatises, refer to www.eriras.ru 2 Makarov, A.A. and Mitrova, T.A., The Centenary of the GOELRO Plan: Capabilities and Problems of the Planned Economy, Therm. Eng., 2020, vol. 11, p. 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040363620110089 3 Sistemnye issledovaniya v energetike: retrospektiva nauchnykh napravlenii SEI–ISEM (Systems Studies in the
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