Halogenation of Metal Clusters
Advances in studying halogenation of metal clusters are summarized in this chapter. In addtion to the reaction pathways rendering the addition of halogen atoms to metal clusters, it has been proposed a unified view of principles could be avaliable to dete
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etal Clusters and Their Reactivity
Metal Clusters and Their Reactivity
Zhixun Luo · Shiv N. Khanna
Metal Clusters and Their Reactivity
Zhixun Luo State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
Shiv N. Khanna Department of Physics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
ISBN 978-981-15-9703-9 ISBN 978-981-15-9704-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9704-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Dedicated to A. W. Castleman, Jr.
Preface
Clusters are found almost everywhere, known as a very tiny collection of atoms or molecules which form relatively stable microscopic and sub-microscopic aggregates through chemical bonding or physical force. Bridging the gap between atoms and macroscopic matter, clusters have become a scientific topic bearing increased great research interest in view of the development of precise chemistry. Clusters are ideal systems for observing the quantum effect and studying the initial state in forming macroscopic matter. Cluster researches are associated with many chemical reactions and material-changing processes, not only catalysis, but also combustion, crystal nucleation and growth, solidification and phase transformation, sol-gel, sputtering film formation, etc. The unique symmetry, stability, magic number of electrons/atoms, and high catalytic performance of clusters enable the exploration of stable and unstable species to give rise to consistent discovery of new mat
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