Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition Attention, Memory, a

As cognitive models of behavior continue to evolve, the mechanics of cognitive exceptionality, with its range of individual variations in abilities and performance, remains a challenge to psychology. Reaching beyond the standard view of exceptional cognit

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Series Editors Donald H. Saklofske, Ph.D. Division of Applied Psychology University of Calgary, Canada Moshe Zeidner, Ph.D. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Emotions Department of Human Development and Counseling Haifa University, Israel

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/6450

Aleksandra Gruszka    Gerald Matthews Błażej Szymura ●

Editors

Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition Attention, Memory, and Executive Control

Editors Aleksandra Gruszka Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland [email protected]

Gerald Matthews Department of Psychology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH USA [email protected]

Błazej Szymura Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland

ISBN 978-1-4419-1209-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1210-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925383 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

It was a beautiful sunny September day, when some of the authors of the chapters of this book met up in Krakow during the conference on Individual Differences in Cognition (IDIC: Kraków, Poland, September 15–17, 2006). Błażej Szymura, an assistant professor at the time, initiated and organized this meeting and managed to convince the Polish Scientific Research Committee (KBN) to grant financing of a research program to study the individual differences in cognition, of which the conference was an integral part. The meeting was a great success, for it is rare that such a high number of world experts in a specific field gather together in conditions that are so conducive to the sincere and stimulating exchange of thoughts and ideas as was the case here. It was then that the idea of the book that you have in front of you was born. The book turned out to be an undertaking on a still larger scale than the Krakow get-together. To obtain systematic coverage of the field, new experts working on individual differences in cognition were drafted in to contribute to the project. Throughout the process the driving force was Błażej, who in the meantime obtained his “habilitation” to the role of Principal Investigator. Błażej had th